World War I American History. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 2 Chapter 11 AMERICA AND THE WORLD Section 1: Expansion.
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World War IAmerican History
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
2
Chapter 11 AMERICA AND THE WORLD
Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific
Section 2: War with Spain
Section 3: Expansion in Latin America
Section 4: Conflict with Mexico
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
3
Objectives:What major factors drove imperialism?How did the United States acquire Hawaii?What was the U.S. role in China?How did Japan become a world power?
Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
4
Factors that drove imperialismthe need for
marketsthe need for raw
materialsthe desire for
powerthe desire for
prestige
Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
5
Acquisition of HawaiiAmerican missionaries arrived in the 1820s and by the
1870s, Americans controlled most of the land and trade. In 1875, Hawaiian sugar was exempted from U.S. tariffs,
but in 1876, the U.S. demanded Pearl Harbor in exchange for tax-free status.
In 1887, King Kalakaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution.
In 1893, supporters of annexation overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate.
U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898.
Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
6
U.S. role in Chinapromoted the Open Door policyhelped other foreign countries put down the Boxer
Rebellionpressured foreign powers to observe open trade
throughout China and preserve China’s right to rule its own territory
Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
7
Steps that led Japan to become a world poweragreed to Western demands for tradeindustrialized rapidlybuilt up its army and navyattacked Russia in 1904negotiated a peace treaty with Russia
Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
8
Objectives:How did Spain respond to the revolt in Cuba?What were the major causes of the Spanish-
American War?What were the major battles of the Spanish-
American War?What happened to the Philippines after the
Spanish-American War?
Section 2: War with Spain
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
9
Spanish response to the Cuban revoltexiled many leaders of the independence
movementsent soldiers to fight rebelssent General Valeriano Weyler to put down the
revolt
Section 2: War with Spain
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
10
Causes of the Spanish-American Warimperialist ambitionhumanitarian sympathy for the rebelsyellow journalismthe destruction of the USS Maine
Section 2: War with Spain
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
11
Major battles of the Spanish-American WarU.S. naval bombardment of Manila Bay in the Philippinesbattle for Manilabattle for El Caneybattle for San Juan Hill in Cubabattle between U.S. and Spanish navies off the coast of
Cubabattle between U.S. and Spanish forces in Puerto Rico
Section 2: War with Spain
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
12
The Philippines after the Spanish-American WarEmilio Aquinaldo set up a provisional
government.U.S. annexed the Philippines.Filipino independence fighters battled U.S. troops
for control and lost in 1902.Philippines gained independence in 1946.
Section 2: War with Spain
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
13
Objectives:How did the United States govern Cuba and
Puerto Rico?What were the major obstacles to building the
Panama Canal?What was U.S. policy toward Latin America
during the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Section 3: Expansion in Latin America
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
14
Government of CubaThe Platt Amendment made Cuba a protectorate.In 1934 the United States renounced the right to
interfere in Cuban affairs.
Section 3: Expansion in Latin America
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
15
Government of Puerto RicoThe Foraker Act established a territorial
government in Puerto Rico.The Jones Act granted Puerto Ricans U.S.
citizenship and the right to elect both houses of the legislature.
In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth.
Section 3: Expansion in Latin America
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
16
Major obstacles to the Panama Canalharsh working conditionsshortages of labor and materialsoutbreak of yellow fever
Section 3: Expansion in Latin America
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
17
U.S. policy toward Latin America, late 1800s—early 1900sThe Roosevelt Corollary claimed police powers
for the U.S. in the Western Hemisphere.Taft favored dollar diplomacy—the investment of
U.S. capital in Latin America to replace European investments.
Wilson wanted to establish constitutional democracies in Latin America.
Section 3: Expansion in Latin America
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
18
Objectives:What were the major events of the Mexican
Revolution?What were the causes of U.S. intervention in
Mexico?What were the outcomes of the Mexican
Revolution?
Section 4: Conflict with Mexico
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
19
Major events of the Mexican RevolutionPorfirio Díaz used force and fraud to win an eighth
term as president of Mexico.Emiliano Zapata led a rebel army demanding land
for the mostly American Indian peasant population.Francisco Madero unified the opposition groups
and won the presidency after Diaz’s overthrow.Victoriano Huerta seized control of the government
and restored calm.
Section 4: Conflict with Mexico
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
20
Causes of U.S. intervention in MexicoMadero’s murder outraged Wilson.Wilson used the arrest of some U.S. sailors as
justification for using armed force.
Section 4: Conflict with Mexico
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
21
Outcomes of the Mexican RevolutionFor a while, Pancho Villa controlled much of Mexico, but
when he lost power he launched a raid of revenge on the U.S.Pershing led U.S. forces into Chihuahua, and the U.S.
stationed National Guardsmen along the Mexican border.The U.S. went too far, the Mexicans fought back, and U.S.
troops withdrew.Venustiano Carranza put a new constitution into effect in
1917.
Section 4: Conflict with Mexico
World War IAmerican History
Table of Contents
• Section 1• Section 2• Section 3• Section 4
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
24
Objectives:What were the major causes of unrest in Europe?What were the results of the early fighting in the war?Why did the war settle into a stalemate?
Section 1: World War I Breaks Out
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
25
Causes of unrest in Europenationalism and territorial rivalriesstrong spirit of militarism system of alliances that could turn a local conflict
into a global war
Section 1: World War I Breaks Out
The American NationHOLT
Nationalism and Territorial rivalries
26
• The region was called the Powder Keg of Europe
• Bulgarians Montenegrins Serbs all wanted their own nation
• Tension were immanent.
The American NationHOLT
Nationalism and Territorial rivalries
27
The American NationHOLT
Alliances
28
• Alliances also cause problems.
• Why?• Look at the
graphic to the left. World War I
Germany Austria
Central P.
Russia
France
Great Britain
Canada
United States
The American NationHOLT Militarism and Alliances
29
Militarism –Glorification of military strength.
Countries next to each other that have militarism cause what?
Arms Races
The American NationHOLT Militarism and Alliances
30
Arms RaceWhen countries
compete to see who can have the bigger military.
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
31
Results of early fightingFrance was defeated quickly.Great Britain was isolated.A war of attrition began.
Section 1: World War I Breaks Out
The American NationHOLT
War of Attrition
32
What is a war of Attrition
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
33
Reasons for stalemateWorld War I settled into a stalemate because trench warfare, a new type of fighting involving massive artillery barrages followed by infantry charges, emerged.
Section 1: World War I Breaks Out
The American NationHOLT
Stale Mate
34
What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.
The American NationHOLT
Stale Mate
35
What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.
You build bigger Gun
The American NationHOLT
Stale Mate
36
What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.
You build bigger bigger Gun
The American NationHOLT
Stale Mate
37
What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.
You build bigger bigger bigger Gun
The American NationHOLT
Stale Mate
38
What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.
You build bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun
The American NationHOLT
Stale Mate
39
What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.
You build bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun
The American NationHOLT
Stale Mate
40
What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.
You build bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun
The American NationHOLT
New Weapons
41
PlanesGasTanksShipsU-boatsMachine
guns
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
42
Objectives:What challenges did the United States face while
trying to remain neutral?What events led to U.S. entry into World War I?How did the United States prepare its military
for war?What types of experiences did Americans have
while serving in Europe?
Section 2: The United States Goes to War
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
43
Difficulties of neutralityconflicting sympathies and opinionsBritish propaganda campaignBritish navy blockadeGerman submarine attacks
Section 2: The United States Goes to War
The American NationHOLT
U.S. Sympathies
44
• Germans• Italians• British• Eastern
Europeans• Asian
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
45
Events leading to U.S. entry into WWIthe German attack on the Sussex in 1916German resumption of full-scale U-boat warfare
in 1917publication of the Zimmerman Note
Section 2: The United States Goes to War
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
46
U.S. military preparationsCongress passed the Selective Service Act.Congress established a massive soldier-training
program.
Section 2: The United States Goes to War
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
47
American experiences in EuropePershing insisted that the Americans fight as a group.The troops sailed to Europe using the convoy
system.The Americans marched through Paris, stopping at
Lafayette’s tomb.Army engineers built military and support facilities
and communications networks.American women served as nurses and volunteers.
Section 2: The United States Goes to War
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
48
Objectives:How did the U.S. government prepare the nation
for war?How did organized labor and volunteers
contribute to the war effort?Why did African Americans move north?How did the government create support for, and
limit opposition to, the war?
Section 3: The War at Home
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
49
U.S. preparation for warThe government established programs to finance
the war.Programs established to conserve scare resources.Industry and labor redirected toward wartime
production.Wilson launched a propaganda campaign.
Section 3: The War at Home
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
50
Organized laborfilled posts to replace soldierswent on strike to demand higher wages and benefitsimproved working conditions during the war
Section 3: The War at Home
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
51
Volunteersconserved energy and recycled essential materialsgrew vegetables in victory gardenspurchased liberty bondsfounded support organizations
Section 3: The War at Home
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
52
Reasons for African Americans to move northjob opportunitiesprospect of higher wagesrecruitment effortsbetter living conditions
Section 3: The War at Home
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
53
Government management of supportCommittee on Public Information issued
propaganda.Dissent on war issues was suppressed.
Section 3: The War at Home
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
54
Objectives:What were the final events of World War I?What were the goals of President Wilson’s
Fourteen Points?What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of
Versailles?What was the global impact of World War I?
Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
55
Final events of World War IGermans fail to capture Paris in 1918.Allies push forward in the Argonne offensive.Mutinies break out in the German army and navy,
and civilians riot over food.Armistice signed on November 11, 1918.
Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
56
Goals of the Fourteen Pointsprovide self-determinationresolution of territorial disputesend secret diplomacy and the arms racestop violations of freedom of the seasend trade barriers
Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
57
Terms of the Treaty of Versaillesdivided Germany’s colonies and the Ottoman
Empire among Allied nationsestablished a mandate systemcreated new nations
Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
58
Reasons for Senate rejection of Treaty of VersaillesSome senators rejected the League of Nations
completely.Some senators rejected Article 10 in the League
Covenant because it might force the U.S. into an unwanted war.
Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
The American NationHOLT
IN THE MODERN ERA
59
Global impact of World War Iheavy human costheavy economic costgrowing chaos in Germanyterritorial disputes in Europe and the Middle East
Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath
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