What is a program?

What is a program?

IT skills: noneIT concepts: computer components, program, executing (running) a program, algorithm, information flow inside the computer, operating system, program and data, multitasking, virtualization

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Where does this topic fit?

• Internet concepts– Applications– Technology– Implications

• Internet skills– Application development– Content creation– User skills

Applications require programs

Combine Coca-Cola and buttermilk; set aside.

Beat butter at low speed with an electric mixer until creamy.

Gradually add sugar; beat until blended.

Add egg and vanilla; beat at low speed until blended.

Combine flour, cocoa, and soda. Add to butter mixture alternately

with cola mixture; begin and end with flour mixture.

Beat at low speed just until blended.

Pour batter into a greased and floured 13- x 9-inch pan.

Bake at 350° for 30 to 35 minutes.

Remove from oven; cool 10 minutes.

Recipes are lists of instructions for chefs

1. Display “Do you like me?”

2. Input likeme

3. If likeme = “yes” display “I like you too!”

4. If likeme = “no” display “You are ugly!”

5. Stop

Programs are lists of instructions for computers

What will happen when this program is executed?

Do you like me? _

1. Display “Do you like me?”

2. Input likeme

3. If likeme = “yes” display “I like you too!”

4. If likeme = “no” display “You are ugly!”

5. Stop

1. Display “Do you like me?”

2. Input likeme

3. If likeme = “yes” display “I like you too!”

4. If likeme = “no” display “You are ugly!”

5. Stop

Do you like me? yes

I like you too!

stop

1. Display “Do you like me?”

2. Input likeme

3. If likeme = “yes” display “I like you too!”

4. If likeme = “no” display “You are ugly!”

5. Stop

Do you like me? Yep

What will happen if the user types “yep?”

1. Display “Do you like me?”

2. Input likeme

3. If likeme = “yes” display “I like you too!”

4. If likeme = “no” display “You are ugly!”

5. Stop

Do you like me? yep

stop

Al-Khwarizmi

Al-Khwarizmi – gave us the term “algorithm”

Want to learn more?

Start programming – 20 lessons, one hourEmpezar a programar - 20 lecciones en una hora

Let’s look inside the computer

Memory

CPU

Storage devices(programs and data)

Inputdevices

OutputDevices

Operating system (master control program)

Applicationprogram

Applicationdata

What is in memory?

Operating system (master control program)

Application program Application data

Our example

Display “Do you like me?”

Input likeme

If likeme = “yes” display “I like you too!”

If likeme = “no” display “You are ugly!”

Stop

Likeme:

yes

Running Word

What would be in memory?

Program, data and operating system

How would this diagram change if we were running both Excel and Word?

Operating system (master control program)

Program

Data

Multitasking

ProgramData

Data

Data

Data Data

DataData

Prog Doc

Operating system 2

... Prog Doc

Operating system 3

...Prog Doc

Operating system 1

…

Virtualization

Windows and Mac OS-X

Virtualization is used primarily on servers.

Summary

Do you like me? _

1. What would be displayed if the user of our simple program example had entered “no” when the computer asked “do you like me”?

2. What would be displayed if the user entered “for sure”? 3. What if the user answered in capital letters, “YES”?4. We used Microsoft Word as an example word processing program – is Word a

network application? (Explain)5. When you type text into a word processing program, is it displayed before it

is put in memory or put in memory then displayed? (Explain).6. We saw that a program must be in memory if it is to be executed. When

using Microsoft’s Windows operating system, how do you cause a program to be loaded from storage to memory and executed? (Hint: what do you do to cause Microsoft Word to be loaded into memory from storage).

7. We saw that data like word processing documents are copied from memory to storage when they are finished. If you create a document using Microsoft Word, how do you get the computer to store it?

8. Is the operating system hardware or software? (Explain)9. Are the examples in this presentation network-based programs or stand-

alone?

Self-study questions

A taste of programming – interactive tutorial:http://www.codecademy.com/

More programming tutorials:http://www.w3schools.com/

If you would like to experiment with virtualization, check out Oracle VirtualBox:http://www.techsupportalert.com/content/introducing-virtualbox-5.htm

Resources