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Information on antioxidants and free radicals
Below we have added some information regarding antioxidants and free
radicals and the way that they can impact on our health as well as the
aging process. Some antioxidants are also discussed - like Vitamins C, E,
A, Selenium, Co-enzyme Q10, Grape seed extract and Green tea. We
acknowledge the vitamin manufacturer - Zest for Life, for the information
supplied and for further reading please visit www.anyvitamins.com
on this page
Antioxidants
Free radicals
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin P / Bioflavonoids
Selenium
Co-Enzyme Q10
Grape seed extract
Green tea
Antioxidants
When we talk about antioxidants we are really referring to a class ofvitamin and nutritional ingredients that help fight and rid the body of free
radicals - the gremlins that can cause untold damage to your body.
The importance of antioxidants is nowadays accepted by even the most
conservative medical fields, and people find great benefit from these
nutritional ingredients in achieving optimum health.
Antioxidants are required for
When the cells and body carry on their daily functions, oxygen is used in
the process and oxidation takes place - and although these are normal
functions, they do cause free radicals (the waste material of these
processes), which can have an influence on the forming of cancer,
arterial damage, inflammation, and accelerated aging through oxidative
damage.
They are also caused by a diet high in fried and barbequed foods,
pollution, radiation, etc. For more on free radicals please click here.
The main sources of antioxidants are vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, plus
its precursor beta carotene, as well as Bioflavonoids (vitamin P). Other
powerful antioxidant sources are Selenium, Co-enzyme Q10, Grape seed
extract and Green tea. To read more on these ingredients, please click
here to go to the bottom of the page where they are discussed in more
detail.
Deficiency of antioxidants
It is thought that a shortage of antioxidants could cause, or assist in
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causing, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts,
diabetes, hypertension, infertility, macular degeneration (eye lens
degeneration), measles, mental illness, periodontal disease, respiratory
tract infection, as well as rheumatoid arthritis.
By adding enough antioxidants to the diet, there is less oxidative stress,
and aging is al so slowed down.
Toxicity and symptoms of high intake
Toxicity may occur if high amounts of the fat soluble vitamins, like
vitamin A and E are taken. Please see the bottom of the page for moreinformation regarding this.
When more may be required
Should you continually be prone to infections, easy bruising, slow wound
healing and excessive wrinkling of the skin, you might be in need of extra
antioxidants.
Enemy of antioxidants
Fried and barbequed food, pollution, radiation.
Food sources of antioxidants
Berries, grapes, tomatoes, broccoli, red/orange/yellow vegetable and
fruits, nuts, peas, broad beans, carrots, watermelon, etc.
Free radicalsFree radicals are formed during the process of oxidation in the body. To
understand this better, think of untreated iron and air - when the iron is
left exposed to the elements rust will form - oxidation will occur.
In our bodies oxygen is transported through the bloodstream to where it
is required for normal cell function. One problem however exists with the
oxygen -it could be lacking in the number of electrons it holds. In order to
keep the electron states stable, the molecules then obtain electrons from
other molecules, which sets off a chain reaction.
The problem with the oxygen could be with the quality of oxygen as such,
which is influenced by pollution, cigarette smoke, as well as other
environmental factors outside the body and poor quality oxygen could be
caused by certain problems within the body as well.
Other factors can lead to the production of free radicals as well, such as
the exposure to radiation from the sun, or from medical X-rays, as well as
environmental pollution and the diet we follow. When the body oxidizes
the food to obtain the nutrients and energy, oxygen is used and unpaired
electrons are released in the process.
Free radicals are altered, unpaired oxygen molecules, which can cause a
great deal of trouble in the body. They are a great contributing factor to
the clogging of arteries and premature aging.
Not all free radicals produced by the body are harmful and indeed, free
radicals produced by the immune system help to destroy viruses and
bacteria. Others are involved in producing vital hormones and activating
enzymes that are needed for li fe itself.
The problem arises where there are excessive free radicals in the body,
which damage the cells and tissues, and the over-abundance of these free
radicals creates even more free radicals in the body.
In very high volumes, free radicals can alter the genetic code material of
cells (DNA) themselves. Mutations that are formed by free radicals canlead to leukemia and other types of cancer as well as a host of other
diseases.
Not only can free radicals cause disease, but they can also damage the
protective cell membrane, this leads to retention of fluids in the cells,
which has a negative effect in the aging process.
To fight these free radicals, antioxidants can be taken into the diet.
Anti-oxidants neutralize and destroy the free radicals, helping to detoxify
and protect the body.
Vitamin A, Beta-carotene, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Bioflavonoids, Green tea,
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Selenium, Co-enzyme Q 10 and Grape seed extract are all considered
effective antioxidants, and it might be advisable to add an antioxidant to
your daily supplement intake.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C, a lso known as ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic
acid, the antiscorbutic vitamin, L-xyloascorbic acid and L-threo-hex-2-
uronic acidy-lactone, is a much talked about vitamin, with people
claiming it as a cure-all for may diseases and problems - from cancer to
the common cold.
This miracle vitamin cannot be manufactured by the body, and needs to
be ingested.
Vitamin C is required for
Vitamin C is required in the synthesis of collagen in connective tissue,
neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, carnitine, conversion of cholesterol
to bile acids and enhances iron bioavailability.
Ascorbic acid is a great antioxidant and helps protect the body against
pollutants.
Because vitamin C is a biological reducing agent, it is also linked to
prevention of degenerative diseases - such as cataracts, certain cancers
and cardiovascular diseases.
Ascorbic acid also promotes healthy cell development, proper calcium
absorption, normal tissue growth and repair - such as healing of wounds
and burns. It assists in the prevention of blood clotting and bruising, and
strengthening of the walls of the capillaries.
Vitamin C is needed for healthy gums, to help protect against infection,
and assisting with clearing up infections, and is thought to enhance the
immune system and help reduce cholesterol levels, high blood pressure
and preventing arteriosclerosis.
Deficiency of Vitamin C
When there is a shortage of vitamin C, various problems can arise,
although scurvy is the only disease clinically treated with vitamin C.
However, a shortage of vitamin C may result in "pinpoint" hemorrhages
under the skin and a tendency to bruise easily, poor wound healing, soft
and spongy bleeding gums and loose teeth.
Edema (water retention) also happens with a shortage of vitamin C,
weakness, a lack of energy, poor digestion, painful joints and bronchial
infections and colds are al so indicative of an under-supply.
Dosage
The dosage underneath is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA),
but be aware that this dosage is the minimum that you require per day, to
ward off serious deficiency of this particular nutrient. In the therapeutic
use of this nutrient, the dosage is usual ly increased considerably, but the
toxicity level must be kept in mind.
The RDA is 60 mg, per day - yet this amount will only prevent you from
picking up scurvy and more recent studies suggest that an intake between
200 - 1,000 mg per day may be the most beneficial for healthy people.
The recommend dosage for pregnant or lactating women is 75-95 mg per
day.
Toxicity and symptoms of high intake
Since ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, toxic l evels are not
built-up or stored in the body, and any excess is lost mostly through
urine.
If extremely large amounts are taken gastrointestinal problems may
appear, but will normalize when the intake is cut or reduced. To
determine a level where a person might experience discomfort is difficult,
since some people can easily stomach up to 25,000 mg per day, while
others start having a problem at 600 or 1,000 mg.
Some people using mega-dose therapy of vitamin C may have side effects
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eczema, skin ulcers, cold sores and shingles.
Deficiency of Vitamin E
Deficiency of vitamin E is not common, and the symptoms are not very
clear cut, but may include fatigue, inflamed varicose veins, slow wound
healing, premature aging and sub-fertility. When vitamin E is in short
supply symptoms may include acne, anemia, muscle disease, dementia,
cancers, gallstones, shortened red blood cell life-span, spontaneous
abortion (miscarriage), and uterine degeneration.
Dosage
The dosage underneath is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA),
but be aware that this dosage is the minimum that you require per day, to
ward off serious deficiency of this particular nutrient. In the therapeutic
use of this nutrient, the dosage is usual ly increased considerably, but the
toxicity level must be kept in mind.
Males 300 iu (10 mg) per day and females 8 mg per day
Toxicity and symptoms of high Vitamin E intake
Toxicity is not easily reached. High intakes may induce diarrhea, nausea
or abdominal wind. People on anticoagulant medication should not take
more than 1,200 iu per day.
Best used with
Take vitamin E with a range of antioxidants - those being vitamin C,beta-carotene and selenium. Vitamin B group vitamins as well as inositol
and manganese are also indicated.
When more Vitamin E may be required
When your diet is high in refined carbohydrates, fried foods and fat, or if
you are taking a birth control pill or hormone replacement therapy, then
a supplement of vitamin E might be called for. People suffering from
pre-menstrual cramps, menopausal hot flushes, after a stroke, or
suffering from a heart disease might benefit from vitamin E. It might also
be beneficial to relieve painful or swollen joints, if you are exposed to
pollution (that is about all of us), suffer from poor circulation, or from
Dupuytren's disease, which is a thickening of the ligaments in the hands.
Enemy of Vitamin E
Vitamin E is lost in food processing which includes milli ng, cooking,
freezing, long storage periods and when exposed to ai r. Vitamin E shouldnot be taken together with inorganic iron supplements as it may destroy
the vitamin, while organic i ron, such as ferrous gluconate and ferrous
fumarate is not affected by the vitamin.
Other interesting points
When buying a supplement you often see "d-alpha-tocopherol" on the list
of ingredients - that means that the vitamin E is from natural sources,
whereas "dl-alpha-tocopherol" will indicate that it is of synthetic origin.
As such the origin of the vitamin does not influence the efficiency thereof.
Food sources of Vitamin E
Vitamin E is found in nuts, oils, vegetables, sunflower seeds, whole
grains, spinach, seeds, wheat oils, asparagus, avocado, beef, seafood,
apples, carrots, celery etc.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A, is also referred to as retinol and beta-carotene. Carotene can
be obtained from either animal or vegetable sources.
The animal form is divided between retinol and dehydroretinol, whereas
the vegetable carotene can be split into four very potent groups - alpha-
carotene, beta-carotene, gamma-carotene and crypto-carotene. With
enough beta-carotene available in the body, the body can manufacture its
own vitamin A.
Vitamin A is required for
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Vitamin A is required for night vision, and for a healthy skin. It assi sts
the immune system, and because of its antioxidant properties is great to
protect against pollution, cancer formation and other diseases. It also
assists your sense of taste, helps the digestive and urinary tracts and
many believe that it helps slow aging.
It is required for development and maintenance of the epithelial cells in
the mucus membranes and your skin. It is important in the formation of
bone and teeth, storage of fat and the synthesis of protein and glycogen.
Deficiency of Vitamin AA deficiency of vitamin A may lead to eye problems with dryness of the
conjunctiva and cornea, dry skin and hair, night blindness, as well as
poor growth. Dry itchy eyes that tire easily are normally a warning of too
little vitamin A. If the deficiency becomes severe, the cornea can ulcerate
and permanent blindness can follow.
Abscesses forming in the ear, sinusi tis, frequent colds and respiratory
infections, as well as skin disorders, such as acne, boils and a bumpy
skin, as well as weight loss, might be indicative of the vitamin being in
short supply. Insomnia, fatigue and reproductive difficulties may also be
indicative of the vitamin being in short supply.
Your hair and scalp can also become dry with a deficiency, especially if
protein is also lacking.
Dosage
The dosage underneath is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA),
but be aware that this dosage is the minimum that you require per day, to
ward off serious deficiency of this particular nutrient. In the therapeutic
use of this nutrient, the dosage is usual ly increased considerably, but the
toxicity level must be kept in mind.
Male 5,000 IU per day (1,000 g equivalent), female 4,000 IU per day
(800 g retinol equivalent), although 10,000 IU per day is normally used
in supplementation.
Toxicity and symptoms of high Vitamin A intake
Dosages exceeding 15,000 IU per day must be taken under medical
supervision. Toxicity can appear in some individuals at relatively low
dosages and the symptoms may include nausea, dizziness, menstrual
problems, skin changes and dryness, itchiness, irritability, vomiting. Long
term use can cause hair loss, bone and muscle pain, headache, liver
damage and an increase in blood l ipid concentrations.
Pregnant women must be careful, as a high intake of this vitamin can
cause birth defects. Pro-vitamin A - beta-carotene does not cause toxicity.
Be careful if you in the unlikely event run across polar bear on a menu -
500 gram (about a pound) of polar bear liver will deliver about
9,000,000 IU to your diet - a very lethal dose. Headaches, blurred vision,
loss of hair, drowsiness and diarrhea, enlargement of the spleen and
liver can all be indications of your intake being too high.
Best used with
Take vitamin A with B group vitamins, vitamins C, D and E, choline,
essential fatty acids together with calcium, phosphorus and zinc for the
best results.
When more Vitamin A may be required
More of this vitamin is required when you consume alcohol, are on a
low-fat diet, or a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, if you smoke, or
live in a polluted area. It may also be indicated if you suffer from
diabetes or have an under-active thyroid gland. Be careful of vitamin A in
pregnancy.
Enemy of Vitamin A
Retinol is destroyed by light, high temperatures, as well as when using
copper or iron cooking utensils. Beta-carotene rich vegetables and fruit
must not be soaked in water for long periods, since the nutrients can be
lost.
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Other interesting points
There seems to be no toxicity when ingesting large amounts of
beta-carotene - you might however develop a slightly orange colored
skin, as the carotene gets stored in the skin.
Food sources of Vitamin A
Liver, milk, egg-yolk, carrots, dark green leafy vegetables and yellow
fruits are high in vitamin A or beta-carotene.
Vitamin P - bioflavonoids
Bioflavonoids, also called vitamin P, are not strictly speaking a vitamin,
but for easy classification, we are listing it as a vitamin. The term
bioflavonoids refers to many different ingredients and includes hesperin,
hesperidin, eriodictyol, quercetin, quercetin, rutin etc. This nutrient
cannot be manufactured by the body and must be supplied in the diet.
Vitamin P is required for
Bioflavonoids enhance the action of vitamin C and for this reason they
should be taken together. Bioflavonoids are effectively used in the
treatment of sport injuries, as they are pain relieving. They may also be
used in relieving pain in the legs, across the back and can lessen the
symptoms of prolonged bleeding, a low serum calcium as well as oral
herpes.
Bioflavonoids may also be active in preserving the structures ofcapillaries. They have an antibacterial e ffect and promote circulation.
They may be indicated in the production of bile, lowering blood
cholesterol levels and in the prevention and treatment of cataracts.
Bioflavonoids are thought to enhance the absorption of vitamin C, and
possibly to prolong the effectiveness of it.
These are super active substances, and can add a great deal to your
nutritional needs in health and disease.
This nutrient acts together with vitamin C to help maintain the thin walls
of the capillaries, therefore preventing bleeding or bruising.
Bioflavonoids have been linked to having an antibacterial effect,
stimulating bile production, promoting circulation and even assisting with
fighting allergies, asthma etc.
Deficiency of Vitamin P
If a diet contains enough fruit and vegetables, bioflavonoids should notbe deficient, but deficiency would manifest as the ability to bruise easily.
Where antioxidants are indicated and none are present, bioflavonoids
could be of help, as well as where iron is deficient, since they help with
the absorption of iron.
Dosage
The dosage underneath is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA),
but be aware that this dosage is the minimum that you require per day, to
ward off serious deficiency of this particular nutrient.
In the therapeutic use of this nutrient, the dosage is usually increased
considerably, but the toxicity level must be kept in mind.
No dosage has been determined but 500 mg per day is indicated for
supplementation.
Toxicity and symptoms of high intake
Very high dosages of bio flavonoids may cause diarrhea.
Best used with
Bioflavonoids should be taken with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and calcium.
Other interesting points
Absorption of the bioflavonoids can be a bit s low, but smal l amounts can
be stored in the body.
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If you are suffering from cold sores, consider taking a supplement of 500
mg vitamin C and 500 mg bioflavonoids three times a day.
A daily intake of vitamin C and bioflavonoids may make you less
susceptible to cold sores.
Food sources of Bioflavonoids - Vitamin P
Bioflavonoids are found in the white material (pith) just beneath citrus
peel, as well as in peppers, grapes, pine bark, onions, garlic, blue and
red berries, green tea as well as buckwheat.
Selenium
A couple of years ago, selenium used to be treated as a very toxic
substance, but modern science now regards it as essential - but in small
quantities. An overdose or deficiency of selenium is equally bad, and
good steady amounts should be ingested - but in small quantities.
Selenium is required for
One of the main activities of this mineral is its anti-aging properties and
its ability to help rid the body of free radicals, as well as toxic minerals
such as mercury, lead and cadmium. It is helpful in fighting infections
since it stimulates increased antibody response to infections, promotes
more energy in the body, while it helps with alleviating menopausal
symptoms in women, it assists the male in producing healthy sperm.
In certain cases selenium has also proven effective in the fight against
cold sores and shingles, which are both caused by the herpes virus. Some
researchers have shown that in selenium-deficient animals a harmless
virus can mutate into a virulent form, capable of causing damage and
death - this has also been followed up with other studies, which seem to
indicate that selenium helps to keep the spread and growth of viruses in
check.
Selenium is also used against arthritis and multiple sclerosis and if
provided in adequate amounts i t is thought to help prevent cancer as
well. Tissue elasticity and pancreatic function is also dependant on this
mineral.
In a study, it was shown that selenium could be useful in treating certain
cancers, and is also helpful in making the blood less "sticky", which is
helpful in preventing heart attacks and strokes.
Dosage
The dosage is the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA), but be aware
that this dosage is the minimum that you require per day, to ward off
serious deficiency of this particular nutrient. In the therapeutic use of this
nutrient, the dosage i s usually increased considerably, but the toxicity
level must be kept in mind.
In the case of microelements, such as trace elements, the amounts are
very small , yet they are still important and 70 micrograms per day is
taken as the required dosage.
Toxicity and symptoms of high Selenium intake
As mentioned earl ier - selenium is toxic and too large quantities may
result in hair loss, tooth decay, brittle nails, white spots, poor appetite,
sour taste in the mouth, loss of feeling in the hands and feet, change in
skin pigmentation and the breath may have a garlic smell.
Best used with
Selenium should always be taken with vitamins E, A and beta-carotene,
and it is preferable when taking a supplement to take selenium in the
form of selenocysteine or selenomethionine, which are both organic.
People with yeast intolerance should check the source of the selenium
used in the supplement, as certain manufacturers obtain selenium from
yeast.
When more Selenium may be required
Men need more selenium than women, as it is lost in the seminal fluid,
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and people staying in areas where the soil is poor in selenium, should
also pay attention to their selenium intake.
Food sources of Selenium
Brazil nuts are excellent sources of selenium and selenium is also found
in whole grains and shellfish.
Co-enzyme Q10
This powerful and naturally occurring compound - co-enzyme Q10 -
promotes chemical reactions, protecting the body from free radicals, andis also called ubiquinone. Some disagreement exists regarding its
classification, where some are of the opinion that it is in reality a vitamin
or vitamin-like substance.
Co-enzyme Q10 is required for
Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is naturally present in foods, and can be
synthesized by the body from the amino acid tyrosine during a multistage
(17 stages) process requiring eight vitamins and several trace elements.
The best-known effects of this compound are its antioxidant qualities, as
well as the control it exercises on the flow of oxygen within cells. It
assists with cardiovascular functioning, the production of energy and the
absorption of other nutrients. It also has immune boosting properties.
Studies on mice showed an increase of 50% extension of life span.
Co-enzyme Q10 is the coenzyme for at least three mitochondrial enzymes,
as well as other enzymes in the cell. The mitochondrial enzymes are
essential for the production of high-energy adenosine phosphates (ATP).
It has been found to be effective in a variety of health problems, and
great promise has been shown when it is used to assist cancer treatment,
protecting patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Studies showed that patients taking 90 mg of this compound experienced
less pain, increase in appetite and decreased metastases.
Studies using 300 -900 mg, reported partial or total remission. People
who stay thin and slim, yet eat a lot, have much higher levels of this
compound in their blood. This assists with fuel efficiency within the cells,
which also assists weight loss.
People suffering from periodontal disease may also be deficient in this
compound, as it has a protective and strengthening action in all tissues
(This is why it is also beneficial to the heart muscle).
Deficiency of Co-enzyme Q10
When we are deficient of this compound in our system, our general health
will start deteriorating, and should levels drop 25% below the optimum
levels, many diseases may start progressing, diseases like high blood
pressure, heart attack, angina, immune depression, periodontal disease,
lack of energy and weight gain.
People suffering from congestive heart failure who take co-enzyme Q10
should NOT stop taking it suddenly, since sudden withdrawal may
intensify the symptoms of congestive heart failure.
Dosage
The dosage underneath is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA),
but be aware that this dosage is the minimum that you require per day, to
ward off serious deficiency of this particular nutrient. In the therapeutic
use of this nutrient, the dosage is usual ly increased considerably, but thetoxicity level must be kept in mind.
No recommendation has been set.
Toxicity and symptoms of high Co-enzyme Q10 intake
Toxicity and side effects are not known, but pregnant or breast-feeding
mothers should not take it in supplement form.
In extreme dosages, such as 600 - 1200 mg per day, headaches,
heartburn, fatigue, diarrhea and skin reactions have been reported.
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Best used with
Since the compounds are fat soluble, it is best to take it with dietary fat
present.
When more may be required
Should the liver perform under par, it cannot manufacture Q10 from the
other Q coenzymes, and this production also diminishes with age.
People suffering from angina, HIV, male infertility, diabetes, periodontaldisease, high blood pressure, cancer and receiving chemotherapy could
benefit from an increase in CoQ10.
Food sources of Co-enzyme Q10
Good sources are found in beef, soy, mackerel, sardines, spinach,
peanuts, soybeans and vegetable oil.
Grape seed extract
This natural compound, extracted from the seeds of grapes, helps to
protect cells from the damage caused by oxidation, free radicals and also
promotes healthy circulation.
Procyanidolic oligomer - grapeseed extract - is beneficial in treating
degenerative and deteriorating diseases because of the potent
antioxidant qualities it has.
Some expensive supplements, derived from pine bark, contain 85%proanthocyanidin while grapeseed extract contains 95%
proanthocyanidin.
It helps increase the effectiveness of vitamin C by acting as a carrier and
as a restorer of oxidized vitamin C by working with glutathione.
These nutrients belong to the flavonoid family. The action of this nutrient
is to act as an antioxidant and stabilize collagen and e lastin - both
important proteins in connective tissues, as well as blood vessels and
muscles.
Although they are not essential nutrients to the body they do have a part
to play in achieving optimum health.
These nutrients are water-soluble and free of side effects since excess is
simply excreted in the urine. Another positive effect of these flavonoids in
the body is the sparing of consumption of vitamin C.
PCOs increase intra cellular vitamin C levels, decrease capillary
permeability and fragility, scavenge oxidants and free radicals, and
uniquely binds to collagen in order to protect it from destruction.
Green tea
The wise Chinese have used green tea for centuries and for good reason.
These humble leaves have become the darling of Western nutritionally
aware people, since they have great antioxidant properties, combat
mental fatigue and are also used with great effect by people who suffer
from various forms of cancer.
For more information on how green tea in cosmetics can benefit the
skin, please click here.
Green tea is required for
Green tea is used for its antioxidant properties, to help fight mental and
physical fatigue, its general health enhancing properties and in the fight
against cancer. Green tea helps to prevent blood clotting tendencies,
lowers blood cholesterol levels and regulates blood sugar levels. It is
also used in weight loss programs, since it is helpful to those individuals
busy with weight loss.
It contains various compounds such as catechin, epigallocatechin,
flavonoids, bioflavonoids, fluoride, gallic acid, polyphenols, tannin,
theophylline, vitamin C, as well as a small amount of caffeine.
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Deficiency of green tea
No specific deficiencies will result from not ingesting green tea, since it
is not an essential nutritional ingredient.
Toxicity and symptoms of high intake
People suffering from anxiety disorder, irregular heartbeat, or when
pregnant or breastfeeding are advised to limit their intake of green tea.
When more green tea may be requiredWhen tired or generally fatigued, green tea could help you regain your
zest for life again.
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Nails indicating your
health
Foot care and choosing
shoes
Posture and computer
health
Positive mental attitude
Get the most from a
massage
Glossary and terms in
cosmeticsPeptides
Fatty acids
Apple cider vinegar diet
Problem and acne skin
How acne develops and
forms
Skin redness
Age groups affected by
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Sweat glands
Keratinocytes
Collagen
Elastin
Fibroblast
acne
Oral and topical acne
medication
Isotretinoin - Roaccutane /
Accutane treatment
Acne scars
Cosmetic ingredients
causing acne
Myths and facts of acne
Impact of acne and
pimplesTerms used in acne
Where acne forms
Over-cleaning your skin
References used to support
claims
Animal testing
Getting rid of cellulite
The links below is all on our www.Cellulite.co.za website. Although
our very effective Cellumend anti-cellulite cream is part of the
Dermaxime range, we have devoted a special website just to help
people get rid of, and to prevent cellulite.
Diet
Constipation
DetoxExercise
Breathing
Relaxation
Massage
The lymph system
Cosmetic surgery
Please note - we are not involved in plastic or cosmetic surgery, but
offer these information pages for the benefit of our clients.
Men and women are using cosmetic surgery more-and-more, not for
vanity sake, as so some people believe, but to stay in the running in
our fast paced lifestyles where health, vitality and youth is a valuable
commodity, and where people often are judged (wrongly so) on how
they look.
General introduction
Abdominoplasty (Tummy tuck)
Botox injections
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid
surgery, Bleph)
Breast augmentation (Breast
Enlargement)
Breast reduction
Breast Lift (Mastopexy)
Brow Lift (Forehead lift)
Collagen and other type of
wrinkle fillers
Facial Implants (Chin and
Cheek Enlargement,
Augmentation)
Facial peels and resurfacing
Fat injections
Hair transplants
Lip Augmentation (Lip
Implants)
Liposuction (Lipoplasty,
Liposculpture, Lipo)
Micropigmentation
(Permanent make-up, eyeliner,
lip liner, lipstick, eyebrows)
Rhinoplasty (nose surgery,
nose job)
Rhytidectomy (Facelift)
Sclerotherapy (Spider vein
removal)
You may also wish to look at some pointers on preparing yourself forcosmetic surgery, which you can view by clicking here.
dermaxime anti-aging skin care youthful looking
Cosmetic ingredients
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