Use of CrIS Radiances at NOAA · Cross-Track Infrared Sounder ( CrIS) • Michelson Interferometer • Spectral range: 650 to 2550 cm-1 • Three bands, each a 3 x 3 HdCdTefocal plane
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UseofCrIS RadiancesatNOAA
ChrisBarnetSeniorScientist
ScienceandTechnologyCorp.
NOAASatelliteConferenceWednesday,July19,2017,Session17
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Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
• Michelson Interferometer• Spectral range: 650 to 2550 cm-1
• Three bands, each a 3 x 3 HdCdTe focal plane• Cooling: passive, 4-stages, 85K• Radiometric Calibration: 310 K Blackbody and
cold space view• Low noise, NEDT ranges from 0.05 K to 0. 5 K
AIRS
IASI
“CrIS LW Noise << AIRS & IASI LW Noise”
CrIS
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CrIS (andIASI)useanInterferometer(graphicshowsasimplifiedMichelsonInterferometer)
NOTE: Multiple detectors can be used to sample multiple scenes simultaneously. Each detector can be Fourier transformed into many spectrial “channels” in the infrared
SlidecourtesyofJoePredinaITT/Exelis,May6,2009 4
CrIS OpticalSystem
• Extremely Compact• Large Aperture (8 cm)• Excellent Image Quality• Fully Wedged / Tilted• Athermalized Design• Pupil Imaging System
Scene Radiance
Cooler
SSM
Interferometer
Telescope
Detector Optics
FPA
Scene RadianceScene Radiance
Cooler
SSM
Interferometer
SSM
Interferometer
Telescope
Detector Optics
FPAFPA
NOAANESDISNormalSpectralResolution(NSR)CrIS channelselection(399/1305channels)
EDR #chns
Temp 87
Surf 24
H2O 62
O3 53
CO 27
CH4 54
N2O 24
SO2 54
HNO3 28
CO2 53
REF:A.GambacortaandC.Barnet.,MethodologyandinformationcontentoftheNOAANESDISoperationalchannelselectionfortheCross-Track InfraredSounder(CrIS),IEEE,Vol.51,Issue6,2013
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UseofCrIS inDataAssimilation(UKMet Results)
• Dataassimilationsystemsuseasubsetofchannels– Useasubsetof~60-100channels(the“Temp”chls)
– Foreachsceneretainstheonesunaffectedbyclouds• Ifsceneisclearthenallsubsetchannelsareretained
• ~5%ofFOV’sareclear• ForUKMet:Impactof5-AMSU’s>2-IASI’s>CrIS >AIRS>ATMS
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FromDoherty2015Adv.Met.1. CrIS addsvalueandhasslightly
moreimpactthanAIRSandslightlylessthanthetwoIASI’s
2. AlsoaddsvaluetoATMSandthe5AMSUsusedinthesystem
CrIS
CrIS FullSpectralResolution(FSR)Mode
InNSRmode,CrIS truncatesmid-waveto0.4cmOPDandshort-waveto0.2cmOPDOnDec.4,2014– CrIS wasswitchedtoFSRmodel(all3bandsare0.8cmOPD)
Benefits of full spectral resolution:• Carbonmonoxideretrievalbecomesviable• Usefulforairqualityapplication
• Resolveweakwatervaporspectrallinestoimproveuppertropospherewatersoundings
• Bettercalibrationof4.3umbandimproveslowertropospherictemperature
Black=FSR,Red=NSR
FSR
NSR
2/17/2015carbonmonoxide
NOAANESDISOperationalFSR CrIS channelselection(610/2211channels)
EDR #chns
Temp 116
Surf 136(62)
H2O 123(62)
O3 77
CO 52
CH4 84
N2O 21
SO2 31
HNO3 30
CO2 50(TLW)
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NCEPUseofCrIS:ControlRun(PreliminaryResults)
• Used84T(p)NSRchannelsfromLWband
• SimilarrankingofCrIS asUKMet system(onp.6)– 2-IASI> 5-AMSU>AIRS> CrIS > ATMS
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TotalImpact PerObservation
CourtesyofJimJung(JCSDA)
NCEPUseofCrIS:Experiment(PreliminaryResults)
• 102FSRchannels,94T(p)and8WV– NumerousotherinternalmodificationsanduseofVIIRScloudinformation
• CrIS impactrankinghasimproved– 2-IASI>5-AMSU>CrIS >AIRS>ATMS
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TotalImpact PerObservation
CourtesyofJimJung(JCSDA)
Isthereabetterwaytodealwithclouds?
ToanInfraredSounder(CrIS)evenasmallamountofcloudisanobstacle.NUCAPSperforms“cloudclearing”toincreasetheyieldofqualitysoundingsThegoalistoprovidesoundingsindifficultmeteorologicalsituations…..and…..asclosetothesurfaceaspossible
NUCAPSretrievescloud-clearedthermodynamicenvironmentAROUND/PASTclouds
✔
Nadir
NUCAPSdoesNOTretrievethermodynamicenvironmentTHROUGHclouds
Nadir
✘
CloudClearingsucceedswhen NUCAPSfootprinthascloudvariability;i.e.whentheCrIS footprintshavevariablecloudfractions
NUCAPSfieldofregard(FOR)=setof9CrIS fieldofview(FOV)
NUCAPSusescloudclearingtoretrievesoundingsinpartiallycloudyscenes
CloudClearingFAILSwhenNUCAPSfootprint isuniformlycloudy,i.e.wheneachCrIS FOVhasthesamecloudfraction
~2%probabilityaCrIS FOVisclear~5%probabilityaCrIS FORisclearBut~70-80%of scenescanbecloudclearedà evenifnosingleFOVisclear
Scenedoesnothavetobeovercast
Evenasmallamountofuniformcloudsneeds toberejected
ListofoperationalandexperimentalNUCAPSretrievalproducts
NUCAPS Temperature retrieval @ 500mb RetrievalProductSpectralRegionUsed(cm-1)
CloudClearingParameters(4linear parameters)
660–7502200–2400
Cloud fractionandCloudTopPressureandTemperature
660- 750
Surfacetemperature(LST,SST),emissivityandsolarreflectivity
800–950,1210–1230,2400- 2550
Temperature,T(p) 660- 7502200- 2400
WaterVapor,q(p) 780–10901200- 1750
Ozone,O3(p) 990–1070
CarbonMonoxide,CO(p) 2155–2220
Methane,CH4(p) 1220- 1350
CarbonDioxide,CO2(p) 660–760,980,2200- 2400
NitrousOxide,N2O(p) 1290- 13002190- 2240
NitricAcid,HNO3(p) 760- 1320
Sulfur,Dioxide,SO2(p) 1343- 1383
(January 5th 2014 Polar Vortex Anomaly)
NUCAPS Ozone retrieval @ 500mb
• EmilyBerndt,NASASPoRT,isworkingwiththeJPSSProvingGroundandtheNationalHurricaneCentertotestbedtheutilityofNUCAPSCrIS/ATMSSoundingstoanticipatehurricanetropicaltoextratropicaltransition
• Uses temperature, water vaporand ozone• Complements theAirMass RGBw/ vertical
information
• Satellitesoundingscanprovidevaluableinformationindatasparseregionsaboutthedepthofmoistordrylayersoftheatmospherewhichareimportantforanticipatingchangesinstormintensity
• Atright,thelocationofNUCAPS(greendots)onGOES-13WVforOct.7,2016
• NUCAPS profiles show verticalextent ofmoisture(compare region#9and#10)
• Ozone andtropopause height showinfluence ofstratospheric intrusions
Profile1
“IwouldalsobeinterestedinsomethingsimilarforHurricaneNicolerightbeforeitstrengthened.BothoftheseTCsintensified,oneofthemveryrapidly,infairly
highshearenvironments…- MD”
HurricaneMatthewGOESWaterVaporandNUCAPSSoundings
ApplicationsinWPC/AWIPS-IIExtratropicalTransition
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Ozone TropopauseHeight
Profile#9 Profile#10
Springexperiment2017BlogPosthttp://goesrhwt.blogspot.com/search/label/NUCAPS
• July10,nearBillingsMontanaanoticeableinversionwasdetectednear/justabove700mb– HRRR,RAP,andNAMsoundings was
unabletodetectthisfeature– smokeplumevisiblenearBirney,
Montana,radarindicates9800’AGL– nearestNUCAPSsounding tothefire,
inversionwas~8300’AGL• Asconvectionpushedeastwardit's
intensitydecreased– Consistentwithinversion
• NUCAPSsoundingshavenoinfluencefromthemodel(exceptsurfpressure)– Havenoconvectiveorcloudmodels.– Forecastersarelearning thepro’s,and
thecon’s,ofthesesatellitesoundings– Weareimproving thetrainingandthe
soundings, asaresultofthisfeedback15
NUCAPSSounding nearestthefire(~19:30z,Birney,MT) (zoomed)
HRRRSounding validat19z(18zinitialization),NOTEscaledifference
IsthereanotherreasontostudySoundings?
• Dataassimilation(DA)ingestsmanyinstruments– Microwave(e.g.,ATMS)iseasier(morelinear)toassimilate– Infrared(e.g.,CrIS)maybeunder-utilizedinallNWPmodels
• Ignoremanychannelsthathaveusefulinformation• Assumeobs.willnudgemodelintherightdirectionovermanycycles
• Retrievalsoperateonsinglesatellitefieldofregard– Candodetailedcalculations(e.g.,off-diagonalcovariance)– CrIS+ATMS canprovidesoundingsin~70-80%ofscenes
• Useofcloudclearingsignificantly increasesthenumberofscenesandthenumberofchannelsused,especially nearsurface
• Cloudyscenesaremorelikelytoincludeinterestingweatherandthesescenesaremorelikelytohaveapositive impactonthemodel
– Weusemanymorechannels:watervapor,tracegases,short-wave(dayornight),“window”regions,etc.• Goalistomaximizesignal-to-noise ofobservation
• RetrievalsarethesamescienceasDAanalysis– lessonslearnedmayberelevanttoglobalmodels 16
QUESTIONS?
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