Use of CrIS Radiances at NOAA · Cross-Track Infrared Sounder ( CrIS) • Michelson Interferometer • Spectral range: 650 to 2550 cm-1 • Three bands, each a 3 x 3 HdCdTefocal plane

UseofCrIS RadiancesatNOAA

ChrisBarnetSeniorScientist

ScienceandTechnologyCorp.

NOAASatelliteConferenceWednesday,July19,2017,Session17

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Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)

• Michelson Interferometer• Spectral range: 650 to 2550 cm-1

• Three bands, each a 3 x 3 HdCdTe focal plane• Cooling: passive, 4-stages, 85K• Radiometric Calibration: 310 K Blackbody and

cold space view• Low noise, NEDT ranges from 0.05 K to 0. 5 K

AIRS

IASI

“CrIS LW Noise << AIRS & IASI LW Noise”

CrIS

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CrIS (andIASI)useanInterferometer(graphicshowsasimplifiedMichelsonInterferometer)

NOTE: Multiple detectors can be used to sample multiple scenes simultaneously. Each detector can be Fourier transformed into many spectrial “channels” in the infrared

SlidecourtesyofJoePredinaITT/Exelis,May6,2009 4

CrIS OpticalSystem

• Extremely Compact• Large Aperture (8 cm)• Excellent Image Quality• Fully Wedged / Tilted• Athermalized Design• Pupil Imaging System

Scene Radiance

Cooler

SSM

Interferometer

Telescope

Detector Optics

FPA

Scene RadianceScene Radiance

Cooler

SSM

Interferometer

SSM

Interferometer

Telescope

Detector Optics

FPAFPA

NOAANESDISNormalSpectralResolution(NSR)CrIS channelselection(399/1305channels)

EDR #chns

Temp 87

Surf 24

H2O 62

O3 53

CO 27

CH4 54

N2O 24

SO2 54

HNO3 28

CO2 53

REF:A.GambacortaandC.Barnet.,MethodologyandinformationcontentoftheNOAANESDISoperationalchannelselectionfortheCross-Track InfraredSounder(CrIS),IEEE,Vol.51,Issue6,2013

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UseofCrIS inDataAssimilation(UKMet Results)

• Dataassimilationsystemsuseasubsetofchannels– Useasubsetof~60-100channels(the“Temp”chls)

– Foreachsceneretainstheonesunaffectedbyclouds• Ifsceneisclearthenallsubsetchannelsareretained

• ~5%ofFOV’sareclear• ForUKMet:Impactof5-AMSU’s>2-IASI’s>CrIS >AIRS>ATMS

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FromDoherty2015Adv.Met.1. CrIS addsvalueandhasslightly

moreimpactthanAIRSandslightlylessthanthetwoIASI’s

2. AlsoaddsvaluetoATMSandthe5AMSUsusedinthesystem

CrIS

CrIS FullSpectralResolution(FSR)Mode

InNSRmode,CrIS truncatesmid-waveto0.4cmOPDandshort-waveto0.2cmOPDOnDec.4,2014– CrIS wasswitchedtoFSRmodel(all3bandsare0.8cmOPD)

Benefits of full spectral resolution:• Carbonmonoxideretrievalbecomesviable• Usefulforairqualityapplication

• Resolveweakwatervaporspectrallinestoimproveuppertropospherewatersoundings

• Bettercalibrationof4.3umbandimproveslowertropospherictemperature

Black=FSR,Red=NSR

FSR

NSR

2/17/2015carbonmonoxide

NOAANESDISOperationalFSR CrIS channelselection(610/2211channels)

EDR #chns

Temp 116

Surf 136(62)

H2O 123(62)

O3 77

CO 52

CH4 84

N2O 21

SO2 31

HNO3 30

CO2 50(TLW)

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NCEPUseofCrIS:ControlRun(PreliminaryResults)

• Used84T(p)NSRchannelsfromLWband

• SimilarrankingofCrIS asUKMet system(onp.6)– 2-IASI> 5-AMSU>AIRS> CrIS > ATMS

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TotalImpact PerObservation

CourtesyofJimJung(JCSDA)

NCEPUseofCrIS:Experiment(PreliminaryResults)

• 102FSRchannels,94T(p)and8WV– NumerousotherinternalmodificationsanduseofVIIRScloudinformation

• CrIS impactrankinghasimproved– 2-IASI>5-AMSU>CrIS >AIRS>ATMS

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TotalImpact PerObservation

CourtesyofJimJung(JCSDA)

Isthereabetterwaytodealwithclouds?

ToanInfraredSounder(CrIS)evenasmallamountofcloudisanobstacle.NUCAPSperforms“cloudclearing”toincreasetheyieldofqualitysoundingsThegoalistoprovidesoundingsindifficultmeteorologicalsituations…..and…..asclosetothesurfaceaspossible

NUCAPSretrievescloud-clearedthermodynamicenvironmentAROUND/PASTclouds

✔

Nadir

NUCAPSdoesNOTretrievethermodynamicenvironmentTHROUGHclouds

Nadir

✘

CloudClearingsucceedswhen NUCAPSfootprinthascloudvariability;i.e.whentheCrIS footprintshavevariablecloudfractions

NUCAPSfieldofregard(FOR)=setof9CrIS fieldofview(FOV)

NUCAPSusescloudclearingtoretrievesoundingsinpartiallycloudyscenes

CloudClearingFAILSwhenNUCAPSfootprint isuniformlycloudy,i.e.wheneachCrIS FOVhasthesamecloudfraction

~2%probabilityaCrIS FOVisclear~5%probabilityaCrIS FORisclearBut~70-80%of scenescanbecloudclearedà evenifnosingleFOVisclear

Scenedoesnothavetobeovercast

Evenasmallamountofuniformcloudsneeds toberejected

ListofoperationalandexperimentalNUCAPSretrievalproducts

NUCAPS Temperature retrieval @ 500mb RetrievalProductSpectralRegionUsed(cm-1)

CloudClearingParameters(4linear parameters)

660–7502200–2400

Cloud fractionandCloudTopPressureandTemperature

660- 750

Surfacetemperature(LST,SST),emissivityandsolarreflectivity

800–950,1210–1230,2400- 2550

Temperature,T(p) 660- 7502200- 2400

WaterVapor,q(p) 780–10901200- 1750

Ozone,O3(p) 990–1070

CarbonMonoxide,CO(p) 2155–2220

Methane,CH4(p) 1220- 1350

CarbonDioxide,CO2(p) 660–760,980,2200- 2400

NitrousOxide,N2O(p) 1290- 13002190- 2240

NitricAcid,HNO3(p) 760- 1320

Sulfur,Dioxide,SO2(p) 1343- 1383

(January 5th 2014 Polar Vortex Anomaly)

NUCAPS Ozone retrieval @ 500mb

• EmilyBerndt,NASASPoRT,isworkingwiththeJPSSProvingGroundandtheNationalHurricaneCentertotestbedtheutilityofNUCAPSCrIS/ATMSSoundingstoanticipatehurricanetropicaltoextratropicaltransition

• Uses temperature, water vaporand ozone• Complements theAirMass RGBw/ vertical

information

• Satellitesoundingscanprovidevaluableinformationindatasparseregionsaboutthedepthofmoistordrylayersoftheatmospherewhichareimportantforanticipatingchangesinstormintensity

• Atright,thelocationofNUCAPS(greendots)onGOES-13WVforOct.7,2016

• NUCAPS profiles show verticalextent ofmoisture(compare region#9and#10)

• Ozone andtropopause height showinfluence ofstratospheric intrusions

Profile1

“IwouldalsobeinterestedinsomethingsimilarforHurricaneNicolerightbeforeitstrengthened.BothoftheseTCsintensified,oneofthemveryrapidly,infairly

highshearenvironments…- MD”

HurricaneMatthewGOESWaterVaporandNUCAPSSoundings

ApplicationsinWPC/AWIPS-IIExtratropicalTransition

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Ozone TropopauseHeight

Profile#9 Profile#10

Springexperiment2017BlogPosthttp://goesrhwt.blogspot.com/search/label/NUCAPS

• July10,nearBillingsMontanaanoticeableinversionwasdetectednear/justabove700mb– HRRR,RAP,andNAMsoundings was

unabletodetectthisfeature– smokeplumevisiblenearBirney,

Montana,radarindicates9800’AGL– nearestNUCAPSsounding tothefire,

inversionwas~8300’AGL• Asconvectionpushedeastwardit's

intensitydecreased– Consistentwithinversion

• NUCAPSsoundingshavenoinfluencefromthemodel(exceptsurfpressure)– Havenoconvectiveorcloudmodels.– Forecastersarelearning thepro’s,and

thecon’s,ofthesesatellitesoundings– Weareimproving thetrainingandthe

soundings, asaresultofthisfeedback15

NUCAPSSounding nearestthefire(~19:30z,Birney,MT) (zoomed)

HRRRSounding validat19z(18zinitialization),NOTEscaledifference

IsthereanotherreasontostudySoundings?

• Dataassimilation(DA)ingestsmanyinstruments– Microwave(e.g.,ATMS)iseasier(morelinear)toassimilate– Infrared(e.g.,CrIS)maybeunder-utilizedinallNWPmodels

• Ignoremanychannelsthathaveusefulinformation• Assumeobs.willnudgemodelintherightdirectionovermanycycles

• Retrievalsoperateonsinglesatellitefieldofregard– Candodetailedcalculations(e.g.,off-diagonalcovariance)– CrIS+ATMS canprovidesoundingsin~70-80%ofscenes

• Useofcloudclearingsignificantly increasesthenumberofscenesandthenumberofchannelsused,especially nearsurface

• Cloudyscenesaremorelikelytoincludeinterestingweatherandthesescenesaremorelikelytohaveapositive impactonthemodel

– Weusemanymorechannels:watervapor,tracegases,short-wave(dayornight),“window”regions,etc.• Goalistomaximizesignal-to-noise ofobservation

• RetrievalsarethesamescienceasDAanalysis– lessonslearnedmayberelevanttoglobalmodels 16

QUESTIONS?

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