Upper Kothmale Tunnel supporting methods
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UpperUpper KothmaleKothmale Power PlantPower Plant
Presented by: M.S.M.Presented by: M.S.M. ShamihShamih
UniversityUniversity of Moratuwaof Moratuwa
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I am Going to Cover . . .I am Going to Cover . . .Tunnel Supporting MethodsTunnel Supporting Methods
Site SafetySite SafetyConclusionConclusion
AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
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Tunnel Supporting MethodsTunnel Supporting Methods
Shotcrete OperationShotcrete Operation
Rock Bolt FixingRock Bolt Fixing Steel supportsSteel supports
All Ground Fastening (AGF) MethodAll Ground Fastening (AGF) Method
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Shotcrete OperationShotcrete Operation Shotcrete is a mixture of cement, chip metal, sand, dustShotcrete is a mixture of cement, chip metal, sand, dust
,water and admixtures,water and admixtures
Shotcreting is done using shotcrete machineShotcreting is done using shotcrete machine
Apply soon after excavation and removal of unsteadyApply soon after excavation and removal of unsteady
rockrock
Wet and Dry processes are two methods of applyingWet and Dry processes are two methods of applying
ShotcreteShotcrete
Wire mesh is provided to strengthenWire mesh is provided to strengthen
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Shotcrete OperationShotcrete Operation
cont.cont.
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Rock Bolt FixingRock Bolt FixingRock bolt is a steel rod, which consists ofRock bolt is a steel rod, which consists of
a plate and a bolta plate and a boltUsed for stabilizing loosen rock with theUsed for stabilizing loosen rock with the
help of bed rockhelp of bed rock
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Steps of Rock Bolt FixingSteps of Rock Bolt FixingLocations Mark
Drilling
Cleaning
Insertion of Rock Bolts
Pumping Mortar
Tightening of plate and nut
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Steel SupportsSteel SupportsSteel supports are used when theSteel supports are used when the
ground conditions are adverseground conditions are adverseIt should be placed immediately afterIt should be placed immediately after
tunnel excavationtunnel excavation
They are placed by using Drill jumboThey are placed by using Drill jumboFixed at specified intervals beforeFixed at specified intervals before
applying shotcreteapplying shotcrete
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Steel Supports cont.Steel Supports cont.
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All Ground FasteningAll Ground Fastening
MethodMethodThis is kind of pipe roof umbrella systemThis is kind of pipe roof umbrella system
This method is applied at the entry and theThis method is applied at the entry and theexit of the tunnelexit of the tunnel
Increases the ground supporting capabilityIncreases the ground supporting capability
of tunnels crownof tunnels crown
It is possible to improve the ground aroundIt is possible to improve the ground around
the pipes (by injecting silicate resin)the pipes (by injecting silicate resin)
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All Ground FasteningAll Ground Fastening
Method Cont.Method Cont.
Umbrella structure of
tunnel crown
AGF pipes
Silicate Resin
Structure
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Combination of SupportsCombination of Supports
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Site SafetySite SafetyEvery one enter to the tunnel must wearEvery one enter to the tunnel must wear
helmets, boots and safety jacketshelmets, boots and safety jackets
The person, entering to the tunnel, shouldThe person, entering to the tunnel, should
mark his name on the signboardmark his name on the signboard
At the time of drilling and charging everyAt the time of drilling and charging every
one should wear ear plug and dust maskone should wear ear plug and dust mask
The labors should wear eye protectors andThe labors should wear eye protectors and
gloves according to the applicationgloves according to the application
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Site Safety Cont.Site Safety Cont.
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ConclusionConclusionOur country need many more vastOur country need many more vast
projects such thisprojects such this
We have to use Modern constructionWe have to use Modern construction
technologiestechnologies
Local contractors should promote toLocal contractors should promote tohandle vast projectshandle vast projects
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AcknowledgementAcknowledgementDr. Lesley EkanayakeDr. Lesley Ekanayake
Dr. (Mrs.) C. JayasingheDr. (Mrs.) C. JayasingheDivision of Building Construction andDivision of Building Construction and
ManagementManagement
Staffs of Upper Kothmale HydropowerStaffs of Upper Kothmale HydropowerProjectProject
Our batch mates who undergone trainingOur batch mates who undergone training
in this projectin this project
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Questions?Questions?
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