Transit Occupancy Estimation - ITS California · Transit Occupancy Estimation Divyesh Jadav IBM Research - Almaden Research Center divyesh@us.ibm.com September 19, 2016
Post on 27-Jul-2018
235 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Transit Occupancy Estimation
Divyesh JadavIBM Research - Almaden Research Center
divyesh@us.ibm.comSeptember 19, 2016
Self Driving Cars .. Affordable ?
But what about the Power cost ???*: https://www.wired.com/2015/04/cost-of-sensors-autonomous-cars/
UAV Cognition: State of the Art
• Nvidia DRIVE PX2, Based on Tegra X1 SoC
• UAVs realized through computer vision implemented by neural networks, with more compute power being necessary to get better performance with greater accuracy.
• Consumes 250W and will require liquid cooling
What’s Available Now?• 2008* study (86 agencies) showed:
• Majority of transit agencies used manual plus automated methods for counting ridership
• Median capital cost: $6,638. Median annual maintenance cost: $600. Complexity an issue.
• Infra red beams popular. Video technology and location-stamped farebox data also common
• Most mass transit vehicles have surveillance cameras for passenger safety.
• Fatal passenger shooting on BART train in January 2016 revealed that 77 percent of cameras on BART trains are decoys
• Rectification will take 2 years & cost > $1.5 Million
*: Passenger Counting Systems: A Synthesis of Transit Practice. Daniel Boyle, Tranportation Research Board of the National Academies (2008)
IoT and Navigation
• IoT Economy has spawned a variety of interesting devices
• We are specifically interested in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) IoT beacons.
• BeaSmart Project
• Proof of concept beacon-based toolkit being deployed and tested at IBM
• Goals
1. Understand the potential for BLE beacons within industrial buildings
2. Understand the challenges involved in using BLE beacons.
3. Ultimately, BeaSmart intends to provide a contextualized experience for employees and visitors as they navigate through closed spaces
What are BLE Beacons
• Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacons1
• Low touch – 1 to 5 years battery life
• Low cost – few 10s of $ in volume
• Kontakt.io Smart Beacon2
• Broadcaster Chip
• Replaceable 1,000mAh Lithium Coin Battery
• Use Cases
• SFO allows people to know what’s around them at all times3
• Occupancy Detection4
• Major League Baseball Ballpark51. J. Lindh, Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons, Texas Instruments, January 2015
2. “Kontakt.io Smart Beacon”, [Online]. Available: https://store.kontakt.io/our-products/1-ibeacon-
smart-beacon.html
3. “SFO Interanational Airports”, [Online]. Available: http://indoo.rs/sfo
4. See Section III of paper
5. “MLB Ballpark”, [Online]. Available: http://mlb.mlb.com/mobile/ballpark/index.jsp
Beacons for Transit Assistance
• RouteMe21 goals:
• Navigation assistance to special needs passengers AND their caregivers
• Am I on the right buse?
• Has the passenger deviated from the planned trip? If so, is corrective action necessary?
• Technology
• Beacons + WiFi + GPS + 511.org
• iOS device support initially
1. http://news.ucsc.edu/2016/09/public-transit-service.html
• Partners
• Santa Clara VTA
• Vista Center for Blind and Visually Impaired
• Caltrain
Early Work• Site setup and deployment
• Acquire Site map
• Map WiFi locations (avoid interference)
• Assign Beacon Maj/Min IDs using Admin App
• Place Beacons
• Testbed Calibration
• Interactive way for user to know beacon locations
• Collect training data by walking the area
• Build a model of expected signal strengths of known beacons
• Use nearest neighbor algorithm to match new readings with nearest training data
• Use Cases
• Where is my next bus?
• How do I transfer from bus to train?
top related