Transcript
Western Philosophy
of Education
By :
Norhafizah bt Abd RashidHajar Sakinah bt Yahya
Western Philosophy of
Education
comprises 2 schools,
that is
Traditional and
Modern
Is made up of its own schools as
shown in Figure 1.CLICK HERE !!!!!!!
Traditional
Western Philosophy of Education
Existentialism
Perennialism
Realism
Pragmatism
Progressivism
Reconstructivism
Esentialism
Idealism
-Figure
1 -
mODERn
Comparison Between Western Traditionaland
Modern Philosophies of Education
Perennialism
Comes from the root word, “ perennial ”means
Fixed and do not change
=For perennialists :
Truth is something they define as perennial.
Education should focus on the search and dissemination
of knowledge which is fixed.
ConceptCharacteristics of human nature are universal & fixed
GOALS OF eDUCATION
Teach knowledge and universal values which are everlasting.
Focus
Curriculum : Humanities & literature
Teacher : Expert disseminator of knowledge
Teaching method : Didactic
Pupils : Passive recipients of knowledge
IF YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE, CLICK QUESTION MARK
to proceed . .
CURRICULUM
They contain concrete truths regarding the nature of man, unlike vocational or technical subjects which are considered to be more concerned with machines and machinery Subject recommended:
literature, mathematics, science, language and art
Teacher’s role
Considered a learned & authorized expert in education & knowledge.
Responsible to deliver knowledge and facilitate group discussions.
Teaching method
Teacher teaches and pupils learn without any opportunity to ask question.
Has expert power and does not entertain his pupils' view
Pupils’ Role
The responsible to work hard in order to gain as much knowledge as they can.
Have to complete all the assignment given by the teacher.
ESSENTIALISM
Started as a systematic educational movement in the 1930s.
Originated from realism and idealism
Conservative in nature
Concept
Knowledge and skills that need to be taught to the pupils.
Focus more on basics; what an individual needs to know in order to become a productive person.
Change from time to time .
Essentialism is said to be both
practical and pragmatic.
Goals of Education
Teach knowledge and basic culture .
Focus
Curriculum : Basic skills (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Teacher : Skilled disseminator of knowledge
Teaching method : Didactic
Pupils : Passive recipient of knowledge
to proceed . .
IF YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE, CLICK QUESTION MARK
Curriculum
Focus more on reading, writing and arithmetic (3R)
Compulsory subject like Science, History, Art, and
Music whilst Literature and Humanities are
optional.
Teacher’s role
Authority in the teaching - and - learning process in the classroom.
Skilled in classroom control.
Role model for the pupils.
Teaching method
DIDACTIC?????????
=Pupils are not encouraged to involve
themselves in the speculative reflection process
Waste of time=
Pupils’ role
Study hard and pay attention to what is taught in school.
developed from Pragmatism came under influence of John Dewey’s idea
human beings are capable of adapting to change
Concept
knowledge cannot be regarded as an everlasting truthdo not believe in the existence of permanent truth that needs to be
mastered by our pupils
PROGRESSIVISM
Knowledge is something which is both relative and tentative and used to used to explain the present
reality
is said to undergo continuous changes
Therefore,an educated people is defined as one who has the insight which enables him to adapt to changes his
environment
Goals of Education
produce individuals who are ready to face changes in their daily lives
Focus
Curriculum : Choice of subjects according to individual interest
Teacher : Facilitator and manager Teaching Method : Inductive Pupils : Active seekers of knowledge
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to proceed . .
students be given the freedom to choose the subjects they wish to study
will ensure that they study according to their personal interests
learning becomes more effective and
pupils are able to maximize their individual abilities and potentials
Teacheras manager
as facilitator
assists pupils to handle any problems in their ever-changing surroundings
responsible to create a conducive learning environmentputs forward questions to stimulate pupils’ thinking
guides their interests towards a positive direction
Inductive Teaching Method
• give pupils the opportunity to explain certain educational issues arising
• enhance their understanding about environmental environment that always changing
Recommended teaching strategies :
Teaching problem-solving skillsLaboratory work and experiments
Direct experience with the environment
Pupils : Active seekers of knowledge
Responsible to seek their own explanations for phenomena given by the teacher
Need to study how to ask questions about the environment
stems from Pragmatism
recommends that we improve and reconstruct our society
school is a platform to build a new society
Concept
schools are considered as the main catalyst for improving the state of human beings
RECONSTRUCTIVISM
Goals of Education
lays the foundation for a new cultural pattern
Focus
Curriculum : Social science subjectsTeacher : Agents of change
Teaching Method : Pupil-centeredPupils : Have the courage to try and be active
Curriculum : Social science subjectsTeacher : Agents of change
Teaching Method : Pupil-centeredPupils : Have the courage to try and be active
emphasizes current and future orientations besides local and global
issues
has to be creative and innovative in classroom
pupils are taught problem-solving skills trough activities, brainstorming, role plays and stimulation
• to achieve the predetermined goals of education
• should be courage enough to try out new things and willing to change their
existing paradigms
focus on the nature of existence of man
human beings are considered born without any aim or purpose in life
Concept
human beings are responsible for themselves
EXISTENTIALISM
Goals of Education
not outlined
school system or teacher does not have the right to impose the goals
of education
Focus
students are responsible for their own education
subjects which are aesthetic and philosophy-based like art, literature and drama are considered relevant
Teacher : Knowledge catalystProvides educational opportunities so that pupils
can voice out their feelings and emotions
does not have specific subjects
Curriculum : Aesthetics and philosophy
Pupils : Active recipients of knowledge
Teaching Method : Activity-centered and pupil-centered
Role plays and simulations are frequently employed in the class room
Pupils are motivated to engage n deep thinking
Encourage to involve themselves actively to maximize the educational activities
opportunities offered to them
Thank You-The End-
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