Transcript
SAINIK SCHOOL AMBIKAPURSUMMER VACATION PROJECT
Name – Shahnawaj AlamSchool no. – 304Class – IX-BSubject – BiologySub. Teacher – Mr.S.K.Dubey
TISSUE AND IT’S
TYPES
DEFINITION A group or collection of similar cells performing or help to perform same function and arise from the same origin are called tissues.
The tissues are of different types depending on the functions of the organism, they are mainly of two categories PLANT TISSUES and ANIMAL TISSUES.
PLANT TISSUES Plants perform functions which are different from animals and also their structure is different , hence they have tissues which are different from animals. They are further classified into many sub categories which is shown in the table below:
Tissues in PlantsPlant Tissues
Meristimatic Tissues (These cells continuously divide throughout the
life of the plant)
Apical Meristem
Lateral Meristem
Intercalary Meristem
Permanent Tissues(Cells with speciallised structure and function that
have lost their ability to divide further)
Simple Permanent Tissue
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Complex Permanent Tissue
Xylem
Phloem
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
The main characteristic of this tissue is that it is responsible for the growth of plants.
The cells of this tissue continuously divide and later differentiate ( i.e. get converted ) into permanent tissue.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TISSUE
The cells are made of thin & elastic cell wall made of cellulose.
The cells may be round , oval, polygonal or rectangular in shape.
They are compact, having no intercellular space.
There is a large nucleus and abundant cytoplasm.
The protoplasm contains very few or no vacuoles at all.
THIS TISSUE OCCURS AT SPECIFIC REGIONS OF THE
PLANT BODY
This is so because in plant body growth occurs only at these regions. Hence , on the basis of this there are 3 types of meristem : 1. APICAL MERISTEM 2. INTERCALARY
MERISTEM 3. LATERAL MERISTEM
APICAL MERISTEM As the name suggests this tissue is present at the apex of the main & lateral shoots and roots.This tissue gives the plant body a linear growth.
LATERAL MERISTEM
This tissue lies on the sides of the plant body.It lies under the bark of the plant in form of cork cambium.It gives the plant it’s width or girth.
INTERCALARY MERISTEM
This tissue is present at the base of the nodes, internodes, leaves etc.They are also present in between the permanent tissue.They give the plant growth in length.
PERMANENT TTISSUEThese tissues arise from the
meristematic tissue.The cells of this tissue gradually loose
their power to divide and acquire a definite shape, size and function.
These tissues may be living or dead.There are 2 types of permanent tissues1. Simple permanent tissue2. Complex permanent tissue.
SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE
This tissue comprises of same type of cells which perform the same function and all arise from the same origin. There are three categories of simple permanent tissues: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, & Sclerenchyma.
THE THREE SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUES
PARENCHYMACharacteristics: a) The cells are living.b) The cells are thin walled.c) There may or may not
be intercellular spaces. d) They are the most
unspecialized cells.e) No depositions are seen,
the cell wall consists only of cellulose.
f) There is a prominent nucleus, cytoplasm & vacuoles.
There are some special types of parenchyma tissues :
Storage parenchyma : The cells enlarge to store nutrients & water.
Aerenchyma : Air cavities are present in the parenchyma tissue to provide buoyancy to the aquatic plants.
Chlorenchyma : These parenchyma cells have presence of chlorophyll & hence can perform the function of photosynthesis.
Parenchyma tissue is found generally in all parts of the plant body. It forms the Ground tissue in leaves, stem, roots & fruits etc.
FUNCTIONS OF PARENCHYMA
a) To store materials such as starch, proteins, hormones etc. And waste products such as gum, tannin, resin etc.
b) Parenchyma cells perform the metabolic activities of the plant.
c) Forms the packaging tissue between the specialized tissue.
d) By providing turgidity , they provide mechanical strength.
e) Chlorenchyma helps in performing photosynthesis.
COLLENCHYMA
Characteristics:a) It has cells which are
somewhat elongated.b) The cell walls are thin
except at the angular region ( where the cells join). The thickenings are caused due to deposition of cellulose or pectin.
c) There is o or less intercellular space.
d) The cells are living, have distinct nucleus & dense protoplasm.
e) They often contain chlorophyll.
Functions : a) Providing mechanical
strength is the primary function.
b) Provide flexibility.c) Photosynthesis, as they
contain chlorophyll.
They are present below the epidermis in dicot stems and leaves. They absent in dicot roots and all parts of monocot plants.
CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS
SCLERENCHYMA
ANIMAL TISSUESANIMAL tissues are of four types:
1.Epithelial.2.Muscular.3.Connective.4.Nervous.
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
This tissue forms outer living of the body. It protects interval organ from external environment.
It is of four types:Squamous.Cubic.Ciliated columnar.Glandular.
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
It is made up of thin, flat irregularShaped cells .It also forms a selectively permeable surface through which filtration occurs .
CUBIC EPITHELIUMIt consists of cube like
cell which are square in section but the free surface appear hexagonal.It is found in kindly tubules, thyroid, vesicles and in glands.
CILIATED COLUMNARThis epithelial is formed by in the sperm ducts.The rhythmic, concentrated beating of the cilia moves solid particles in one direction through the ducts.
MUSCULAR TISSUESThis tissue is that which is responsible in our body.
This tissue is divided in three types:
Striated muscle.Smooth muscle.Cardiac muscle.
STRIATED MUSCLEThe cells of this muscle have many nucleus.
These muscle show alternate light &dark bands.
These help in body movement.
These are present in our limbs.
SMOOTH MUSCLE
These have long cells which have single nucleus.
The cells of this muscle is spindle in shape.
They are also called unstraited because we can not control them
CARDIAC MUSCLEIt is the muscle which is
present in heart.These muscle are also called involuntary muscle.
These muscle have cylindrical &branched muscle.
CONNECTIVE TISSUESIt serves as storage Sid of calcium & phosphate.
Bone provides shape & skeleton support to the body.
Cartilage provides support & flexibility.
NERVOUS TISSUE A Tissue which is specialized
to transmit messages in our body is nervous transmit. Brain, spinal cord and nerves are all composed of nervous tissues. Nervous tissues contains highly specialized unit cells called nerve cells or neurons.
.
THANK YOU