Transcript
Prepared by Khoa Anh Viet 1
TRANSCRIPTIONTRANSCRIPTION
Prepared by Khoa Anh Viet, M.A.
Prepared by Khoa Anh Viet 2
Why is spelling so hard?
• Blame the alphabet. You can never tell what sound a letter is going to make.
• Blame the dictionary.
• Blame is on the history of the English.
Sourceː William, E. (2008). The challenge of spelling in English.
English Teaching Forum, 46(1), 2-11.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-ai’ /eɪ/ː cocaine, McCain, rain, etc. (except with ‘air’, Thai, naïve, )
/ˈsenɪt/
• ‘-ate’ (v) /eɪ/ː graduate, communicate, etc.
• ‘-ate’ (n) /ət/ (usually more than three syllable nouns or adjectives)ː graduate, chocolate, etc.
Noteː Senate ???
• ‘-aze’ /eɪz/ː haze, maze, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-al’ /əl/ (su�x)ː arrival, industrial, etc.
• ‘ad-’
/æd/ (when stressed)ː advertise, adverb, etc.
/əd/ (when unstressed)ː advise, advance, etc.
• ‘-able’ /əbl/: comfortable, portable, etc.
• ‘-ar (consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɑː/: car, start, etc.
• ‘-ash’ /æʃ/: flash, trash, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-ese’ /iː/ː Vietnamese, Japanese, etc.
• ‘ex-’ /eks/ (when stressed)ː export (n), ex-wife, execute, etc.
• ‘ex-’
/ɪks/ (when unstressed before a consonant)ː export (v), exceed, etc.
/ɪɡz/ (when unstressed before a vowel)ː example, executive, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-ect’
/ekt/ (when stressed)ː subject (v), object (v), inject, etc.
/ɪkt/ (when unstressed)ː subject (n), object (n), etc.
• ‘-en’ /ən/ (v, su�x)ː widen, strengthen, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-eer’ /ɪə/ (suffix): engineer, volunteer, etc.
• ‘-ette’ /et/: launderette, cigarette, etc.
• ‘-ed’
/t/ after voiceless sounds except /t/
/d/ after voiced sounds except /d/
/ɪd/ after /t/ and /d/ sounds.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-er’ /ə(r)/ (unstressed)ː teacher, speaker, etc.
• ‘ee’ /iː/: employee, refugee, etc. (not before r - /ɪə/ː sneer)
• ‘-er (-consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɜː/ː mermaid, fern, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-ish’ /ɪʃ/ː English, astonish, etc.
• ‘-ise/-ize’ (v) /aɪz/ː realize, organize, etc.
Expertise??? /ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/
• ‘-ity’ /əti/ or /ɪti/: ability, university, etc.
• ‘-ic’ /ɪk/: heroic, ironic, etc.
• ‘-ing’ /ɪŋ/ː learning, doing.
• ‘-ist or -ism’ /ɪst or ɪzm/ː tourist, tourism.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-ir’ (consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɜː/ː birdie, birth, etc.
• ‘-ie’ (stressed)’ /iː/ː achieve, relief, relieve, retrieve, etc.
• ‘-ice’ (stressed or one-syllable)’ /aɪs/ː rice, suffice, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-ful’ /fl/ (suffix): awful, careful, etc.
• ‘dis-’ /dɪs/ (prefix): dislike, disco, etc.
• ‘-ly’ /li/ (suffix): happily, merely, etc.
• ‘-ment’ /mənt/ (unstressed): enjoyment, moment, etc.
• ‘-fy’ (v) /faɪ/ː beautify, satisfy, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-ous’ /əs/: serious, adventurous, etc.
• ‘-oir’ /wɑː(r)/ː abattoir, reservoir, etc.
• ‘-or (-consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɔː/ː torment, sort, etc.
• ‘-ory, -ery, ’ /əri/ (unstressed)ː history, surgery, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-tive’ /tɪv/: competitive, festive, etc.
• ‘-sive’ /sɪv/: expensive, intensive, etc.
• ‘-tion’ /ʃən/ː action, nation, etc.
• ‘-some’ /səm/ (unstressed): troublesome, lonesome, etc.
• ‘post-’ /pəʊst/ (pre�x)ː post-war, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-ual’ (v) (> 1 syllable) /uəl/ː actual, usual, etc.
• ‘un-’ (pre�x) /ʌn/ː unhappy, unusual, etc.
• ‘-ur-(consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɜː/ː surname, surf, purr, etc.
• ‘-ur-(r, stressed)’ /ʌ/ː burrow, curry, etc.
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
• ‘-uce’ /juːs/ (stressed)ː seduce, produce, etc.
• ‘-usk’ /ʌsk/ː tusk, busk, etc.
• ‘-ust’ /ʌst/ː must, lust, etc. (sustain unstressed)
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You can guess the pronunciation when …
Weak form /ə/
‘a’ attend ‘ar’ particular
‘o’ carrot ‘e’ violet
‘u’ autumn ‘er’ perhaps
‘ough’ thorough
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Pronunciation can be fun!!!
The following list of words was collected by Khoa Anh Viet, M.A. and
Hoang Tat Truong, M.A.
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
gauge
bouquet
/ɡeɪdʒ/
abalone
/bʊˈkeɪ/
/ˌæbəˈləʊni/
Chicago /ʃɪˈkɑːɡəʊ/
entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/
soften /ˈsɒfən/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
advertisement
butcher
/ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/
canal
/ˈbʊtʃə/
/kəˈnæl/
clerk /klɑːk/ (BE) /klɜːrk/ (AE)
colonel /ˈkɜːnəl/
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
develop
guitar
/dɪˈveləp/
/ɡɪˈtɑː/
industry /ˈɪndəstri/
island /ˈaɪlənd/
/fəˈtɒɡrəfə/photographer
interpreter /ɪnˈtɜːprɪtə(r)/
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receipt
recipe
/rɪˈsiːt/
says
/ˈresəpi//sez/
tomb /tuːm/
creature /ˈkriːtʃə/
height /haɪt/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
infamous /ˈɪnfəməs/luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/
luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/
pizza /ˈpiːtsə/
pajamas /pəˈdʒɑːməs/
explanation /ˌekspləˈneɪʃn/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
television /ˈtelɪvɪʒn/
competent /ˈkɒmpɪtənt/
diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/
chaos /ˈkeɪɒs/gaol /dʒeɪl/
gourmet /ˈɡʊəmeɪ/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
preferable /ˈprefərəbl/
suite /swiːt/
purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/
debt /det/embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/
stomach /ˈstʌmək/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
simile /ˈsɪmɪli/
sesame /ˈsesəmi/
suffice /səˈfaɪs/quay /ki:/distribute /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
Nepal /nəˈpɔːl/
sew /səʊ/
linen /ˈlɪnɪn/naive /naɪˈiːv/lure /lʊə(r)/Senegal /ˌsenɪˈɡɔːl/Nicholas /ˈnɪkələs/
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southern /ˈsʌðən/
Israel /ˈɪzreɪl/
karate /kəˈrɑːti/thesis /ˈθiːsɪs/
Haiti /ˈheɪti/
Uruguay /ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ/
/ˈjʊərəɡweɪ/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
Brunei /bruːˈnaɪ/
attaché /əˈtæʃeɪ/
personnel /ˌpɜːsəˈnel/
lichen /ˈlaɪkən/
asylum /əˈsaɪləm/
thesaurus /θɪˈsɔːrəs/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
vehicle /ˈviːɪkl/
education /ˌedʒʊˈkeɪʃn/
colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/
fortune /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/Achilles /əˈkiːlɪs/Eiffel /ˈaɪfl/police /pəˈlɪs/
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maternal /məˈtɜːnəl/paternal, fraternal, internal, etc.
assassin /əˈsæsɪn/
albeit /ɔːlˈbiːɪt/
archaic /ɑːˈkeɪɪk/
courteous /ˈkɜːtiəs/
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diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/
Latino /ləˈtiːnəʊ/
leopard /ˈlepəd/
moustache /məˈstɑːʃ/ or /ˈmʌstæʃ/
Palestine /ˈpæləstaɪn/
idea /aɪˈdɪə/
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Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?
individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/
piano /piˈænəʊ/
yacht /jɒt/
bow /bəʊ/ or /baʊ/
oven dove stove
pharaoh /ˈfeərəʊ/
/ˈʌvən/ /dʌv/ /stəʊv/
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