Theme 5 transcription

Prepared by Khoa Anh Viet 1

TRANSCRIPTIONTRANSCRIPTION

Prepared by Khoa Anh Viet, M.A.


Why is spelling so hard?

• Blame the alphabet. You can never tell what sound a letter is going to make.

• Blame the dictionary.

• Blame is on the history of the English.

Sourceː William, E. (2008). The challenge of spelling in English.

English Teaching Forum, 46(1), 2-11.


You can guess the pronunciation when …

• ‘-ai’ /eɪ/ː cocaine, McCain, rain, etc. (except with ‘air’, Thai, naïve, )

/ˈsenɪt/

• ‘-ate’ (v) /eɪ/ː graduate, communicate, etc.

• ‘-ate’ (n) /ət/ (usually more than three syllable nouns or adjectives)ː graduate, chocolate, etc.

Noteː Senate ???

• ‘-aze’ /eɪz/ː haze, maze, etc.



• ‘-al’ /əl/ (su�x)ː arrival, industrial, etc.

• ‘ad-’

/æd/ (when stressed)ː advertise, adverb, etc.

/əd/ (when unstressed)ː advise, advance, etc.

• ‘-able’ /əbl/: comfortable, portable, etc.

• ‘-ar (consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɑː/: car, start, etc.

• ‘-ash’ /æʃ/: flash, trash, etc.



• ‘-ese’ /iː/ː Vietnamese, Japanese, etc.

• ‘ex-’ /eks/ (when stressed)ː export (n), ex-wife, execute, etc.

• ‘ex-’

/ɪks/ (when unstressed before a consonant)ː export (v), exceed, etc.

/ɪɡz/ (when unstressed before a vowel)ː example, executive, etc.



• ‘-ect’

/ekt/ (when stressed)ː subject (v), object (v), inject, etc.

/ɪkt/ (when unstressed)ː subject (n), object (n), etc.

• ‘-en’ /ən/ (v, su�x)ː widen, strengthen, etc.



• ‘-eer’ /ɪə/ (suffix): engineer, volunteer, etc.

• ‘-ette’ /et/: launderette, cigarette, etc.

• ‘-ed’

/t/ after voiceless sounds except /t/

/d/ after voiced sounds except /d/

/ɪd/ after /t/ and /d/ sounds.



• ‘-er’ /ə(r)/ (unstressed)ː teacher, speaker, etc.

• ‘ee’ /iː/: employee, refugee, etc. (not before r - /ɪə/ː sneer)

• ‘-er (-consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɜː/ː mermaid, fern, etc.



• ‘-ish’ /ɪʃ/ː English, astonish, etc.

• ‘-ise/-ize’ (v) /aɪz/ː realize, organize, etc.

Expertise??? /ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/

• ‘-ity’ /əti/ or /ɪti/: ability, university, etc.

• ‘-ic’ /ɪk/: heroic, ironic, etc.

• ‘-ing’ /ɪŋ/ː learning, doing.

• ‘-ist or -ism’ /ɪst or ɪzm/ː tourist, tourism.



• ‘-ir’ (consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɜː/ː birdie, birth, etc.

• ‘-ie’ (stressed)’ /iː/ː achieve, relief, relieve, retrieve, etc.

• ‘-ice’ (stressed or one-syllable)’ /aɪs/ː rice, suffice, etc.



• ‘-ful’ /fl/ (suffix): awful, careful, etc.

• ‘dis-’ /dɪs/ (prefix): dislike, disco, etc.

• ‘-ly’ /li/ (suffix): happily, merely, etc.

• ‘-ment’ /mənt/ (unstressed): enjoyment, moment, etc.

• ‘-fy’ (v) /faɪ/ː beautify, satisfy, etc.



• ‘-ous’ /əs/: serious, adventurous, etc.

• ‘-oir’ /wɑː(r)/ː abattoir, reservoir, etc.

• ‘-or (-consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɔː/ː torment, sort, etc.

• ‘-ory, -ery, ’ /əri/ (unstressed)ː history, surgery, etc.



• ‘-tive’ /tɪv/: competitive, festive, etc.

• ‘-sive’ /sɪv/: expensive, intensive, etc.

• ‘-tion’ /ʃən/ː action, nation, etc.

• ‘-some’ /səm/ (unstressed): troublesome, lonesome, etc.

• ‘post-’ /pəʊst/ (pre�x)ː post-war, etc.



• ‘-ual’ (v) (> 1 syllable) /uəl/ː actual, usual, etc.

• ‘un-’ (pre�x) /ʌn/ː unhappy, unusual, etc.

• ‘-ur-(consonant -r, stressed or one-syllable)’ /ɜː/ː surname, surf, purr, etc.

• ‘-ur-(r, stressed)’ /ʌ/ː burrow, curry, etc.



• ‘-uce’ /juːs/ (stressed)ː seduce, produce, etc.

• ‘-usk’ /ʌsk/ː tusk, busk, etc.

• ‘-ust’ /ʌst/ː must, lust, etc. (sustain unstressed)



Weak form /ə/

‘a’ attend ‘ar’ particular

‘o’ carrot ‘e’ violet

‘u’ autumn ‘er’ perhaps

‘ough’ thorough


Pronunciation can be fun!!!

The following list of words was collected by Khoa Anh Viet, M.A. and

Hoang Tat Truong, M.A.


Can you guess the pronunciation of these words?

gauge

bouquet

/ɡeɪdʒ/

abalone

/bʊˈkeɪ/

/ˌæbəˈləʊni/

Chicago /ʃɪˈkɑːɡəʊ/

entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/

soften /ˈsɒfən/



advertisement

butcher

/ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/

canal

/ˈbʊtʃə/

/kəˈnæl/

clerk /klɑːk/ (BE) /klɜːrk/ (AE)

colonel /ˈkɜːnəl/

determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/



develop

guitar

/dɪˈveləp/

/ɡɪˈtɑː/

industry /ˈɪndəstri/

island /ˈaɪlənd/

/fəˈtɒɡrəfə/photographer

interpreter /ɪnˈtɜːprɪtə(r)/



receipt

recipe

/rɪˈsiːt/

says

/ˈresəpi//sez/

tomb /tuːm/

creature /ˈkriːtʃə/

height /haɪt/



infamous /ˈɪnfəməs/luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/

luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/

pizza /ˈpiːtsə/

pajamas /pəˈdʒɑːməs/

explanation /ˌekspləˈneɪʃn/



television /ˈtelɪvɪʒn/

competent /ˈkɒmpɪtənt/

diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/

chaos /ˈkeɪɒs/gaol /dʒeɪl/

gourmet /ˈɡʊəmeɪ/



preferable /ˈprefərəbl/

suite /swiːt/

purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/

debt /det/embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/

stomach /ˈstʌmək/



simile /ˈsɪmɪli/

sesame /ˈsesəmi/

suffice /səˈfaɪs/quay /ki:/distribute /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/



Nepal /nəˈpɔːl/

sew /səʊ/

linen /ˈlɪnɪn/naive /naɪˈiːv/lure /lʊə(r)/Senegal /ˌsenɪˈɡɔːl/Nicholas /ˈnɪkələs/



southern /ˈsʌðən/

Israel /ˈɪzreɪl/

karate /kəˈrɑːti/thesis /ˈθiːsɪs/

Haiti /ˈheɪti/

Uruguay /ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ/

/ˈjʊərəɡweɪ/



Brunei /bruːˈnaɪ/

attaché /əˈtæʃeɪ/

personnel /ˌpɜːsəˈnel/

lichen /ˈlaɪkən/

asylum /əˈsaɪləm/

thesaurus /θɪˈsɔːrəs/



vehicle /ˈviːɪkl/

education /ˌedʒʊˈkeɪʃn/

colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/

fortune /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/Achilles /əˈkiːlɪs/Eiffel /ˈaɪfl/police /pəˈlɪs/



maternal /məˈtɜːnəl/paternal, fraternal, internal, etc.

assassin /əˈsæsɪn/

albeit /ɔːlˈbiːɪt/

archaic /ɑːˈkeɪɪk/

courteous /ˈkɜːtiəs/



diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/

Latino /ləˈtiːnəʊ/

leopard /ˈlepəd/

moustache /məˈstɑːʃ/ or /ˈmʌstæʃ/

Palestine /ˈpæləstaɪn/

idea /aɪˈdɪə/



individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/

piano /piˈænəʊ/

yacht /jɒt/

bow /bəʊ/ or /baʊ/

oven dove stove

pharaoh /ˈfeərəʊ/

/ˈʌvən/ /dʌv/ /stəʊv/

Theme 5 transcription

Technology

khoa anh viet

stressed burrow

unstressed subject n

r unstressed teacher

ar consonant r

en n v

consonant export v

sm unstressed