Transcript
1T E L E D E S I C
The Teledesic Network
Mark A. Sturza Teledesic Corporation
C O R P O R A T I O N
2T E L E D E S I C
TELEDESIC Founded:
June 1990 Headquarters:
Kirkland, Washington, USA Principle shareholders:
Craig McCaw, founder of McCaw Cellular Communications, world’s largest wireless communications company
Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, world’s largest computer software company
C O R P O R A T I O N
3T E L E D E S I C
Craig McCaw Quote “Today, the cost to bring modern communications to poor and remote areas is so high that many of the world’s people cannot participate in our global community. Forcing people to migrate into increasingly congested urban areas in search of opportunity is economically and environmentally unsound. All of the world can benefit from efforts to expand access to information technologies.”
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Bill Gates Quote
“The Internet is the most important single development in the world of computing since the IBM PC was introduced in 1981.”
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Teledesic represents the combined vision of Craig McCaw and Bill Gates
Universal Broadband Access US FCC license and ITU Broadband Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) service designation in place Boeing selected as prime contractor for 288 LEO satellite constellation First revenue by 2002
C O R P O R A T I O N
6T E L E D E S I C
Teledesic is a networking company, not a supplier of satellite hardware
Boeing selected as prime contractor The world’s largest provider of space, defense and aerospace equipment System cost not to exceed $9 billion Boeing invested $100 million in Teledesic
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Teledesic will not compete with Big LEO or Little LEO systems
Little LEOs Big LEOs Broadband
LEOs
Example Orbcomm Iridium Teledesic
Terrestrial Counterpart
Paging Cellular Fiber
Frequency < 1 GHz 1 – 3 GHz 30/20 GHz
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Demand for Broadband
C O R P O R A T I O N
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World’s Wired Population 250 M
200 M
150 M
100 M
50 M
0 M Europe North
America Asia South
America Australia Africa
Source: ITU,Internet Society,1995-96
250
15 12
175
24 35
160
10 2.3
42
2 0.4 12
1.4 2 12
0.4 0.3
Main Phone Lines Mobile Cellular Users Internet Users
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Lack of Infrastructure Half of the world’s population lives more than two hours from the
closest telephone Four billion people around the world are without a telephone 50 million people worldwide are on waiting lists for telephones,
the average wait is 1.5 years Tokyo has more telephones than all of sub-Saharan Africa China plans to add 80 million telephone lines over the next decade Even where it’s available, not all existing analog infrastructure can
be upgraded to support advanced digital services
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Bandwidth Bottleneck
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
1971
1974
1978
1982
1985
1989
1993
1996
Rel
ativ
e Im
prov
emen
t Fac
tor
Processing Power
Modem Speed
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Regulatory Summary WRC ‘95 identified 500 MHz Links within the Ka band for NGSO satellite systems
400 MHz available for immediate use 100 MHz frozen until WRC ‘97
US FCC designated same spectrum in its 28 GHz Band Plan
March 1997, FCC licensed Teledesic to build, launch, and operate Teledesic Network
WRC ‘97 made all 500 MHz available
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Teledesic Market
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Internet-in-the-Sky Internet/Intranet Connection Telemedicine Corporate Networking Gateway Video-conferencing Distance Learning Cellular Backhaul Telecommuting
C O R P O R A T I O N
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PSTN Internet
Corporate Networks Typical customer in 2007:
Five sites served with Teledesic Standard Terminals (TSTs) 256 kbps per site voice, video, LAN–LAN cheapest, simplest, packaged solution able to serve all site locations
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Business Access
PSTN Internet
Typical customer in 2007: Single site, TST, small enterprise in developing world 144 kbps per site voice, video, LAN access cheapest solution that can deliver adequate symmetric speeds
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Trunking Typical customer in 2007:
50 remote wireless base station sites served with TSTs
256 kbps per site voice, data cheaper than purchasing microwave equipment or leasing from another operator
PSTN Internet
C O R P O R A T I O N
18T E L E D E S I C
Back -Up
PSTN Internet
Typical customer in 2007: Network operator with 30 nodes served with TSTs terminals used infrequently voice, data cheaper than purchasing redundant microwave equipment or leasing from another operator, “earthquake-proof” infrastructure
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Aviation and Maritime
PSTN Internet
Typical customer in 2007: Airline with 50 aircraft TST equipped, reselling service to passengers 144 kbps per site voice, messaging. LAN access, file transfer global coverage, service affordability, high speeds
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Residential Access
PSTN Internet
Typical customer in 2007: TST at weekend home of affluent professional 144 kbps per site voice, video, LAN access cheapest solution that can deliver adequate symmetric speeds
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Teledesic Network
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Network EvolutionMainframe
GEO Satellite
Distributed PCs
Distributed LEOs
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Global Broadband Wireless
Why use satellites? Ability to provide service with cost independent of location.
Why LEO satellites? Seamless compatibility with terrestrial networks.
Why Ka-band? Lowest frequency with the spectrum to build global broadband network.
C O R P O R A T I O N
24T E L E D E S I C
Global Broadband Wireless (cont.)
Why high mask angle? Provides high link availability to enable high service quality.
Why 288 satellites? A high mask angle combined with low Earth orbit altitude requires a large number of satellites to provide continuous global coverage.
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Design Considerations High data rate (broadband) fixed and mobile service Continuous global coverage Fiber-like delay Bit error rates less than 10-10
Mitigate effects of rain attenuation and blockage Rapid network repair Geodesic (mesh) network interconnect
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Service Description
Two-way switched broadband access
End-to-end fiber like QoS
Affordable global access to advanced communications
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Network Overview
Terminals
End Users
Network Ops and Control
TSLs
Standard Interfaces
Satellites with ISLs
Networks Networks
Service Providers
C O R P O R A T I O N
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Network Services Multiple Quality of Service (QoS) Classes
CBR, VBR, ABR Best Effort
Data Delivery Mechanisms Virtual Circuits Datagram
Service Tailoring Congestion Control
C O R P O R A T I O N
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NetworkGeodesic (mesh) topology
Each satellite is a switch nodeIntersatellite links to 8 adjacent nodesDistributed control
Advantages:High capacitySelf-healingLow delayRobustFlexible
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Network NodeInternet like (IP) routingEach node is a fast packet switchATM like switchingAll communication in form of fixed-length packetsSwitch routes packets along least-delay path to destination
Advantages:Low delayFlexible One network for all applications
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Adaptive RoutingDistributed adaptive routing software
Selects least delay path to destinationAdapts to changes in
Network topologyNetwork congestion
Advantages:AutonomousRobustLow delay
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Teledesic System
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Constellation ParametersTotal Number of Satellites 288 + sparesNumber of Planes 12Satellites per Plane 24Altitude 1,375 kmEccentricity CircularInclination 84.7°Inter-Plane Spacing 15.36°Intra-Plane Satellite Spacing UniformInter-Plane Satellite Phasing RandomElevation Mark Angle 40°
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Earth-Fixed Cells
Time 3 Time 2 Time 1
Cell
Super-Cell
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Earth-Fixed Cells (San Francisco, USA)
Cell
Super Cell
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Earth-Fixed Cells (Dakar, Senegal)
Cell
Super Cell
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Cell StructureSatellite Network
Footprint(2,154 km diameter)
Earth-fixed cells:80 km diameter340 cells per footprint1:7 re-use pattern
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TSL/GSL Uplinks
Frequency ReuseSupercell
. . . . . .
Multi-beamlens antenna
364
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TSL Downlinks. . . . . .Scanning beam
antennas
Frequency ReuseSupercell
16
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Terminals
The Teledesic Network supports a family of subscriber terminals providing on-demand data ratesStandard Terminals include both fixed-site and transportable configurations - 16 kbps to E1 (2.048 Mbps)The Network also supports a smaller number of fixed-site GigaLink Terminals - OC-3 to 1.2 Gbps (OC-24)
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Satellite Bus Configuration
TSL DownlinkAntennas
OpticalISLs
SPTThrusters
Solar ArrayAssembly
Nadir
Velocity
PayloadPallet
TSL UplinkAntenna
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Teledesic Satellite
TSL DownlinkAntennas
OpticalISLs
SPTThrusters
Solar ArrayAssembly
Nadir
Velocity
PayloadPallet
TSL UplinkAntenna
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Teledesic Satellite DetailsStowed SolarArray AssemblyOptical
ISLs
SPT Thrusters Star
Camera
EquipmentPallets
Solar ArrayDrive
Mechanism
Deployed SolarArray Assembly
TurnTable
+YPitch+XRoll
Velocity +ZYawNadir
44T E L E D E S I C C O R P O R A T I O N
Launch Dispenser
Medium Launch Vehicle Heavy Launch Vehicle
Dispenser
Adapter
Dispenser
Adapter
Satellites(4 per layer)
45T E L E D E S I C C O R P O R A T I O N
Visit us at www.
teledesic.com
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