The Teledesic Network[1]

1T E L E D E S I C

The Teledesic Network

Mark A. Sturza Teledesic Corporation

C O R P O R A T I O N

2T E L E D E S I C

TELEDESIC Founded:

June 1990 Headquarters:

Kirkland, Washington, USA Principle shareholders:

Craig McCaw, founder of McCaw Cellular Communications, world’s largest wireless communications company

Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, world’s largest computer software company

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Craig McCaw Quote “Today, the cost to bring modern communications to poor and remote areas is so high that many of the world’s people cannot participate in our global community. Forcing people to migrate into increasingly congested urban areas in search of opportunity is economically and environmentally unsound. All of the world can benefit from efforts to expand access to information technologies.”

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Bill Gates Quote

“The Internet is the most important single development in the world of computing since the IBM PC was introduced in 1981.”

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Teledesic represents the combined vision of Craig McCaw and Bill Gates

Universal Broadband Access US FCC license and ITU Broadband Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) service designation in place Boeing selected as prime contractor for 288 LEO satellite constellation First revenue by 2002

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Teledesic is a networking company, not a supplier of satellite hardware

Boeing selected as prime contractor The world’s largest provider of space, defense and aerospace equipment System cost not to exceed $9 billion Boeing invested $100 million in Teledesic

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Teledesic will not compete with Big LEO or Little LEO systems

Little LEOs Big LEOs Broadband

LEOs

Example Orbcomm Iridium Teledesic

Terrestrial Counterpart

Paging Cellular Fiber

Frequency < 1 GHz 1 – 3 GHz 30/20 GHz

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Demand for Broadband

C O R P O R A T I O N

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World’s Wired Population 250 M

200 M

150 M

100 M

50 M

0 M Europe North

America Asia South

America Australia Africa

Source: ITU,Internet Society,1995-96

250

15 12

175

24 35

160

10 2.3

42

2 0.4 12

1.4 2 12

0.4 0.3

Main Phone Lines Mobile Cellular Users Internet Users

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Lack of Infrastructure Half of the world’s population lives more than two hours from the

closest telephone Four billion people around the world are without a telephone 50 million people worldwide are on waiting lists for telephones,

the average wait is 1.5 years Tokyo has more telephones than all of sub-Saharan Africa China plans to add 80 million telephone lines over the next decade Even where it’s available, not all existing analog infrastructure can

be upgraded to support advanced digital services

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Bandwidth Bottleneck

0

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1971

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Rel

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e Im

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Processing Power

Modem Speed

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Regulatory Summary WRC ‘95 identified 500 MHz Links within the Ka band for NGSO satellite systems

400 MHz available for immediate use 100 MHz frozen until WRC ‘97

US FCC designated same spectrum in its 28 GHz Band Plan

March 1997, FCC licensed Teledesic to build, launch, and operate Teledesic Network

WRC ‘97 made all 500 MHz available

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Teledesic Market

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Internet-in-the-Sky Internet/Intranet Connection Telemedicine Corporate Networking Gateway Video-conferencing Distance Learning Cellular Backhaul Telecommuting

C O R P O R A T I O N

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PSTN Internet

Corporate Networks Typical customer in 2007:

Five sites served with Teledesic Standard Terminals (TSTs) 256 kbps per site voice, video, LAN–LAN cheapest, simplest, packaged solution able to serve all site locations

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Business Access

PSTN Internet

Typical customer in 2007: Single site, TST, small enterprise in developing world 144 kbps per site voice, video, LAN access cheapest solution that can deliver adequate symmetric speeds

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Trunking Typical customer in 2007:

50 remote wireless base station sites served with TSTs

256 kbps per site voice, data cheaper than purchasing microwave equipment or leasing from another operator

PSTN Internet

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Back -Up

PSTN Internet

Typical customer in 2007: Network operator with 30 nodes served with TSTs terminals used infrequently voice, data cheaper than purchasing redundant microwave equipment or leasing from another operator, “earthquake-proof” infrastructure

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Aviation and Maritime

PSTN Internet

Typical customer in 2007: Airline with 50 aircraft TST equipped, reselling service to passengers 144 kbps per site voice, messaging. LAN access, file transfer global coverage, service affordability, high speeds

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Residential Access

PSTN Internet

Typical customer in 2007: TST at weekend home of affluent professional 144 kbps per site voice, video, LAN access cheapest solution that can deliver adequate symmetric speeds

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Teledesic Network

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Network EvolutionMainframe

GEO Satellite

Distributed PCs

Distributed LEOs

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Global Broadband Wireless

Why use satellites? Ability to provide service with cost independent of location.

Why LEO satellites? Seamless compatibility with terrestrial networks.

Why Ka-band? Lowest frequency with the spectrum to build global broadband network.

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Global Broadband Wireless (cont.)

Why high mask angle? Provides high link availability to enable high service quality.

Why 288 satellites? A high mask angle combined with low Earth orbit altitude requires a large number of satellites to provide continuous global coverage.

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Design Considerations High data rate (broadband) fixed and mobile service Continuous global coverage Fiber-like delay Bit error rates less than 10-10

Mitigate effects of rain attenuation and blockage Rapid network repair Geodesic (mesh) network interconnect

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Service Description

Two-way switched broadband access

End-to-end fiber like QoS

Affordable global access to advanced communications

C O R P O R A T I O N

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Network Overview

Terminals

End Users

Network Ops and Control

TSLs

Standard Interfaces

Satellites with ISLs

Networks Networks

Service Providers

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Network Services Multiple Quality of Service (QoS) Classes

CBR, VBR, ABR Best Effort

Data Delivery Mechanisms Virtual Circuits Datagram

Service Tailoring Congestion Control

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NetworkGeodesic (mesh) topology

Each satellite is a switch nodeIntersatellite links to 8 adjacent nodesDistributed control

Advantages:High capacitySelf-healingLow delayRobustFlexible

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Network NodeInternet like (IP) routingEach node is a fast packet switchATM like switchingAll communication in form of fixed-length packetsSwitch routes packets along least-delay path to destination

Advantages:Low delayFlexible One network for all applications

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Adaptive RoutingDistributed adaptive routing software

Selects least delay path to destinationAdapts to changes in

Network topologyNetwork congestion

Advantages:AutonomousRobustLow delay

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Teledesic System

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Constellation ParametersTotal Number of Satellites 288 + sparesNumber of Planes 12Satellites per Plane 24Altitude 1,375 kmEccentricity CircularInclination 84.7°Inter-Plane Spacing 15.36°Intra-Plane Satellite Spacing UniformInter-Plane Satellite Phasing RandomElevation Mark Angle 40°

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Earth-Fixed Cells

Time 3 Time 2 Time 1

Cell

Super-Cell

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Earth-Fixed Cells (San Francisco, USA)

Cell

Super Cell

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Earth-Fixed Cells (Dakar, Senegal)

Cell

Super Cell

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Cell StructureSatellite Network

Footprint(2,154 km diameter)

Earth-fixed cells:80 km diameter340 cells per footprint1:7 re-use pattern

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TSL/GSL Uplinks

Frequency ReuseSupercell

. . . . . .

Multi-beamlens antenna

364

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TSL Downlinks. . . . . .Scanning beam

antennas

Frequency ReuseSupercell

16

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Terminals

The Teledesic Network supports a family of subscriber terminals providing on-demand data ratesStandard Terminals include both fixed-site and transportable configurations - 16 kbps to E1 (2.048 Mbps)The Network also supports a smaller number of fixed-site GigaLink Terminals - OC-3 to 1.2 Gbps (OC-24)

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Satellite Bus Configuration

TSL DownlinkAntennas

OpticalISLs

SPTThrusters

Solar ArrayAssembly

Nadir

Velocity

PayloadPallet

TSL UplinkAntenna

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Teledesic Satellite

TSL DownlinkAntennas

OpticalISLs

SPTThrusters

Solar ArrayAssembly

Nadir

Velocity

PayloadPallet

TSL UplinkAntenna

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Teledesic Satellite DetailsStowed SolarArray AssemblyOptical

ISLs

SPT Thrusters Star

Camera

EquipmentPallets

Solar ArrayDrive

Mechanism

Deployed SolarArray Assembly

TurnTable

+YPitch+XRoll

Velocity +ZYawNadir

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Launch Dispenser

Medium Launch Vehicle Heavy Launch Vehicle

Dispenser

Adapter

Dispenser

Adapter

Satellites(4 per layer)

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Visit us at www.

teledesic.com