THE DAWN OF HISTORY 1.1-1.2. Who studies history? Geography: Study of people and environment Anthropology: study origin and development of people/societies.
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THE DAWN OF HISTORY
1.1-1.2
Who studies history? Geography: Study of people and
environment Anthropology: study origin and
development of people/societies Archaeology: Study of past through
remains Artifacts Technology (Tools)
Geologists, botanists, zoologists, climatologists, biologists
Historians
Great vs Small 1st historians wrote about
powerful/wealthy Today -study lives of all people
Prehistory Time before writing was invented No cities, governments, inventions 4000 BC- Writing and language
begins
Old Stone Age
Paleolithic age 2 million BC to 10,000 BC Africa
“Lucy”- Hominid Skeleton in Ethiopia
Descendants migrated north and East into Europe and Asia
Hunters and Gatherers
Small bands 20-30 people Men hunted/fished Women gathered
berries, fruit, nuts, wild grain, roots
Nomads: people who move from place to place
Simple tools/weapons Developed spoken
language
Challenges
Ice ages Glaciers spread Animal skin clothing
Refuge in caves Fires for warmth/cooking
Religion Animism: belief of
spirits in animals/objects/dreams Cave Paintings
France, Spain, N Africa Stone Statues Worshipped earth mother
goddess Carful burial of dead-
belief in life after death Buried with tools, weapons
Agricultural Revolution
11,000 years ago: nomadic bands learned to farm
Could remain in one place
Settled into villages
New Stone Age Neolithic Age Began with agricultural
revolution Nobody knows how
people began to plant Most believe it began in
Middle East Others argue it began
independently in different regions
Domestication: taming some animals into herds
Effects
Growing pop. More interaction Status of women declined Government- Council of
Elders Warfare up Wealth up Technology: calendars,
plows using animals Skills: weaving cloth, making
better tools Spread over thousands of years
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