Early Humans. Tools of Discovery / Historians = people who study & write about human past / History = began about 5,500 yrs ago when people began to write.

Early HumansEarly Humans

Tools of DiscoveryTools of Discovery Historians = people who study &

write about human past

History = began about 5,500 yrs ago when people began to write

Prehistory = time b4 people dev. writing

Historians = people who study & write about human past

History = began about 5,500 yrs ago when people began to write

Prehistory = time b4 people dev. writing

Archaeologists = hunt for evidence of civilizations buried in the ground

Artifacts = weapons, tools & other things made by humans

Fossils - plants/animals preserved in rock.

Archaeologists = hunt for evidence of civilizations buried in the ground

Artifacts = weapons, tools & other things made by humans

Fossils - plants/animals preserved in rock.

Anthropologists = Study how humans developed and how they relate to each other

Stone Age = early period of human history when people used stoned to make tools and weapons

Paleolithic = Old Stone Age

Anthropologists = Study how humans developed and how they relate to each other

Stone Age = early period of human history when people used stoned to make tools and weapons

Paleolithic = Old Stone Age

How did people get food?How did people get food?

Searched for food

Hunted animals, caught fish, ate insects, gathered nuts, berries, fruits, grains and plants.

“Hunter-gatherers”

Searched for food

Hunted animals, caught fish, ate insects, gathered nuts, berries, fruits, grains and plants.

“Hunter-gatherers”

Nomads = (paleolithic people) Moved from place to place searching or food & shelter.

People traveled in lrg. groups b/c it was safer and easier to search for food.

Nomads = (paleolithic people) Moved from place to place searching or food & shelter.

People traveled in lrg. groups b/c it was safer and easier to search for food.

Tasks of Men & Women:Tasks of Men & Women: Men:

Hunted animals

Made tools

Sometimes had to travel far for food.

Men: Hunted

animals

Made tools

Sometimes had to travel far for food.

Women: Close to campsite

Watched the children

Searched for berries, nuts & grains.

Women: Close to campsite

Watched the children

Searched for berries, nuts & grains.

Language, Art & ReligionLanguage, Art & Religion Humans dev. Spoken language in

Paleolithic times Easier for people to work together &

pass down knowledge People also expressed themselves

through art (paintings on cave walls of animals)

Humans dev. Spoken language in Paleolithic times

Easier for people to work together & pass down knowledge

People also expressed themselves through art (paintings on cave walls of animals)

Invention of ToolsInvention of Tools Paleolithic people were 1st to use

tech. (tools & methods to help perform tasks)

What are some examples of technology used by Paleolithic people?

Paleolithic people were 1st to use tech. (tools & methods to help perform tasks)

What are some examples of technology used by Paleolithic people?

Neolithic Times: (New Stone Age 8,000 BC-4,000

BC)

Neolithic Times: (New Stone Age 8,000 BC-4,000

BC) After last Ice Age life changed

People began to tame plants & animals

Animals provided milk, meat, wool & transportation of goods.

After last Ice Age life changed

People began to tame plants & animals

Animals provided milk, meat, wool & transportation of goods.

People learned how to grow food

People could now stay in one place

People learned how to grow food

People could now stay in one place

The Growth of Villages:The Growth of Villages: People who farmed began to live in

villages & building permanent homes

Where were villages started?

Europe, India, Egypt, China & Mexico Earliest Communities were found in

the Middle East as early as 8000 BC

People who farmed began to live in villages & building permanent homes

Where were villages started?

Europe, India, Egypt, China & Mexico Earliest Communities were found in

the Middle East as early as 8000 BC

Benefits of Settled Life:Benefits of Settled Life: Steady food supply Healthy growing population More workers to produce more

crops Began to trade Practice of Specialization (Diff.

Jobs)

Steady food supply Healthy growing population More workers to produce more

crops Began to trade Practice of Specialization (Diff.

Jobs)

Mesopotamia’s Civilization:Mesopotamia’s Civilization:

Civilization = Complex societies that have cities, organized gov’t, art religion, class divisions and a writing system.

Civilization = Complex societies that have cities, organized gov’t, art religion, class divisions and a writing system.

Why did the 1st civilizations start in river valleys?

Why did the 1st civilizations start in river valleys?

1. Good farming conditions made it easy to feed a lot of people

1. Fish & fresh water

1. Travel & trade

1. Good farming conditions made it easy to feed a lot of people

1. Fish & fresh water

1. Travel & trade

As cities dev. Govt’s were formed to make plans & decisions about matters

Leaders were in charge of food supplies, building projects, made laws & created armies

People began to dev. Religion & arts

As cities dev. Govt’s were formed to make plans & decisions about matters

Leaders were in charge of food supplies, building projects, made laws & created armies

People began to dev. Religion & arts

Invented ways of writing to pass on information

Created calendars to keep time Dev. Class structure

Held diff. places in society based on work they did & wealth/power they had

Invented ways of writing to pass on information

Created calendars to keep time Dev. Class structure

Held diff. places in society based on work they did & wealth/power they had

The Rise of SumerThe Rise of Sumer Mesopotamia = Earliest known

civilization Location: Present day Iraq b/w

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Climate: Hot & Dry

Rivers flooded in Spring leaving behind rich soil (not predictable)

Mesopotamia = Earliest known civilization

Location: Present day Iraq b/w Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Climate: Hot & Dry Rivers flooded in Spring leaving

behind rich soil (not predictable)

•Every yr. farmers worried about crops & believed they needed gods to bless their efforts- Farmers learned to control seasonal floods w/ dams & channels

•Every yr. farmers worried about crops & believed they needed gods to bless their efforts- Farmers learned to control seasonal floods w/ dams & channels

Dev. Irrigation(waterways to bring water to fields)

Now that farmers could grow plenty of food, many cities formed in southern Mesopotamia (Sumer)

Dev. Irrigation(waterways to bring water to fields)

Now that farmers could grow plenty of food, many cities formed in southern Mesopotamia (Sumer)

Gods & RulersGods & Rulers Sumerians believed in many gods

Each god had power over a natural force or human activity. (Flooding or basket weaving)

* People wanted to please the gods

Sumerians believed in many gods

Each god had power over a natural force or human activity. (Flooding or basket weaving)

* People wanted to please the gods

Each city-state built a grand temple called a ziggurat

Priests & Priestesses were powerful & controlled most of the land

Later Kings ran the gov’t, led the army & organized building projects

Each city-state built a grand temple called a ziggurat

Priests & Priestesses were powerful & controlled most of the land

Later Kings ran the gov’t, led the army & organized building projects