THE BRITISH LIBRARY Open Access Institutional Repositories – Leadership, Direction & Launch January 26, 2005.
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THE BRITISH LIBRARY
Open Access Institutional Repositories – Leadership, Direction & Launch
January 26, 2005
AGENDA
Conclusion
British Library’s Role In Research
Information Chain, Trends & Open Access
British Library Open Access Projects
Conclusion Revisited
CONCLUSION
BL Has a UK Statutory Responsibility To Collect, Preserve & Provide Long Term Access To Research Information
Open Access Models (Institutional Repositories Specifically) are Still Emerging, Developing & Maturing
We Must Consider All Segments Of the Information Chain When Developing Policy For Institutional Repositories
The BL Is Working On A Number Of Pilot & Experimental Projects To Explore Different Models For Open Access Publishing
We Are Seeking Partners For Collaborative Projects To Share Expertise, Risks & Costs Of Experimentation
AGENDA
Conclusion
British Library’s Role In Research
Information Chain, Trends & Open Access
British Library Open Access Projects
Conclusion Revisited
THE 10-YEAR SCIENCE & INNOVATION INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK – E-INFRASTRUCTURE
“The growing UK research base must have ready and efficient access to information of all kinds…This is the life blood of research and innovation.
The Government will therefore work with interested funders and stakeholders to consider the national e-infrastructure (hardware, networks, communications technology) necessary to deliver an effective system. These funders and stakeholders include the British Library, which plays an important role in supporting scientific research and potential, including providing benefits to smaller business in the UK through access to science, engineering and technology information sources”
Science & Innovation investment framework 2004-2014
THE BRITISH LIBRARY
Receives £85m a year in Grant-in-aid from DCMS; earned annual trading income in 2002/03 of £27m
Generates value to the UK economy each year of 4.4 times public funding
Helping people advance
knowledge to enrich lives
National library of the UK, established by the British Library Act 1972
Over 250 years of collecting. Beneficiary of legal deposit, and £14.9m annual acquisitions budget. ~150m items in many formatsServes researchers, business, libraries, education and the general public
Accommodation for >1200 readers at St Pancras and the largest document supply service in the world
Renowned internationally as one of the world’s leading research libraries
63% of users are academics. 80% of the UK’s top R&D companies are BL customers
UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE BRITISH LIBRARY
The British Library is the only organisation with a statutory public good remit to collect, preserve and provide long-term access to research information for the whole of the UK We are guardians of the scientific intellectual property generated by others – we do not generate intellectual property
Have by far the largest collection of information in UK, reflecting 250 years of unbroken collectingBeneficiary of UK legal deposit and UK’s biggest purchaser of material Collect all published formats, including both print and digital. In addition to journals and books, have largest collection of patents, conference proceedings and theses in worldCollect from all types of sources from UK and overseas, including commercial publishers, non-profit learned societies etcCollect across all disciplines, including Science/Technology/Medicine, Social Sciences, and Arts & Humanities
Unparalleled range of information services including:World’s largest remote supplier of research material Through reading rooms provide unparalleled access to breadth of resources, including print and digital sources
Remit
Collection
Services
AGENDA
Conclusion
British Library’s Role In Research
Information Chain, Trends & Open Access
British Library Open Access Projects
Conclusion Revisited
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS
Certification/ peer review
ProductionDissemin-ation
AggregationKnowledge creation
Submission and accreditation
Interpret-ation
Resource usage
Storage & preservation
Enabling resource discovery
ResearchRights manage-ment
Enabling access
The British Library’s role
Researchers
ResearchersPublishers
Referees (expert researchers)
PublishersPrintersDatabase managers
PublishersIntermediaries
LibrariesIntermediaries (e.g., e-communities)Booksellers
A&I servicesIntermediaries (e.g., Google)Libraries
ResearchersResearch services
LibrariesPublishersIntermediariesDRM software cos.
National librariesLibrary consortia
ResearchersLibraries (curators)Education organisations
LibrariesPublishersIntermed-iaries
Researchers
* Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)
AGGREGATION - TRENDS
Number Of Scientific Publications Worldwide
400,000
500,000
600,000
1985 1990 1995 2000
Science and Engineering Indicators 2002National Science Foundation
Aggregation
AGGREGATION – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES
AggregationWhere/Who Do We Collect From?Institutional RepositoriesDiscipline Based RepositoriesOpen Access JournalsTraditional Publishers
Authentic Copy & DuplicationPreprintsAuthor VersionsPersistent Identifiers For Open Access Resources?
What Should We Collect?TextDataOther Media
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS
Certification/ peer review
ProductionDissemin-ation
AggregationKnowledge creation
Submission and accreditation
Interpret-ation
Resource usage
Enabling resource discovery
ResearchRights manage-ment
Enabling access
The British Library’s role
Researchers
ResearchersPublishers
Referees (expert researchers)
PublishersPrintersDatabase managers
PublishersIntermediaries
LibrariesIntermediaries (e.g., e-communities)Booksellers
A&I servicesIntermediaries (e.g., Google)Libraries
ResearchersResearch services
LibrariesPublishersIntermediariesDRM software cos.
National librariesLibrary consortia
ResearchersLibraries (curators)Education organisations
LibrariesPublishersIntermed-iaries
Researchers
* Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)
Storage & preservation
STORAGE & PRESERVATION - TRENDS
UC Berkeley School of Information Management & Systems.
New Stored Information Grew 30%/Year Between 1999 and 2002.92% Of New Information Is Stored On Magnetic MediaEmail Generates 400 Petabytes (10^15) Of New Information Each YearWorld Computer Disk Storage 1990 – 1999
Michael Lesk
Storage & Preservation
STORAGE & PRESERVATION – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES
Storage & preservation Who Is Responsible For Long Term Preservation &
Access?FundingMetadata For Long Term PreservationMigration/Emulation When Necessary
Can Any Quantity Of Material Be Placed In A Repository?
Current Publishing Process Filters MaterialText & Data?Who Decides, Financial Constraint?
Links To Other ResourcesWho Will Maintain Links?Will Links Persist Over The Long Term?
Trusted Repositories?
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS
Certification/ peer review
ProductionDissemin-ation
AggregationKnowledge creation
Submission and accreditation
Interpret-ation
Resource usage
Storage, preservation & conserv-ation
ResearchRights manage-ment
Enabling access
The British Library’s role
Researchers
ResearchersPublishers
Referees (expert researchers)
PublishersPrintersDatabase managers
PublishersIntermediaries
LibrariesIntermediaries (e.g., e-communities)Booksellers
A&I servicesIntermediaries (e.g., Google)Libraries
ResearchersResearch services
LibrariesPublishersIntermediariesDRM software cos.
National librariesLibrary consortia
ResearchersLibraries (curators)Education organisations
LibrariesPublishersIntermed-iaries
Researchers
* Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)
Enabling resource discovery
Methods For Finding Scientific Articles
0%
20%
40%
60%
1990 1995 2000
Citations LinkageOnline SearchColleaguesBrowsing Journals
Various Sources
ENABLING RESOURCE DISCOVERY - TRENDS
CrossrefPasses 10 Million DOIs in January 2004265 Publishers, 218 Libraries, 36 Vendors
Enabling resource discovery
RESOURCE DISCOVERY – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES
SearchWill Author Provided Metadata Create An Effective Search Experience?Will Distributed Search Work With Author Provided Metadata?Can Full Text Be Harvested From Repositories?Will All Repositories Use The Same Standards, Formats, Retrieval Mechanisms?Should We Just Use Google?
Links To Find Additional ResourcesHow Are Links To Other Resources Created And Maintained?Should These Resources Be Harvested As Well?
Enabling resource discovery
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS
Certification/ peer review
ProductionDissemin-ation
AggregationKnowledge creation
Submission and accreditation
Interpret-ation
Resource usage
Storage, preservation & conserv-ation
Enabling resource discovery
ResearchEnabling access
The British Library’s role
Researchers
ResearchersPublishers
Referees (expert researchers)
PublishersPrintersDatabase managers
PublishersIntermediaries
LibrariesIntermediaries (e.g., e-communities)Booksellers
A&I servicesIntermediaries (e.g., Google)Libraries
ResearchersResearch services
LibrariesPublishersIntermediariesDRM software cos.
National librariesLibrary consortia
ResearchersLibraries (curators)Education organisations
LibrariesPublishersIntermed-iaries
Researchers
* Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)
Rights manage-ment
RIGHTS MANAGEMENT – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES
What Licencing Regime Will Be Used For Institutional Repositories?
Who Owns IP & Can The Content Be Reused?
TextData
Do ‘Open-Access’ Sources Always Allow Unfettered Harvesting, Preservation & Access?Document Supply & Other Secondary Business Models?
Can Open Access Materials Be Redistributed?Can Operational Costs Be Recovered?
Rights manage-ment
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS
Certification/ peer review
ProductionDissemin-ation
AggregationKnowledge creation
Submission and accreditation
Interpret-ation
Resource usage
Storage, preservation & conserv-ation
Enabling resource discovery
ResearchRights manage-ment
Enabling access
The British Library’s role
Researchers
ResearchersPublishers
Referees (expert researchers)
PublishersPrintersDatabase managers
PublishersIntermediaries
LibrariesIntermediaries (e.g., e-communities)Booksellers
A&I servicesIntermediaries (e.g., Google)Libraries
ResearchersResearch services
LibrariesPublishersIntermediariesDRM software cos.
National librariesLibrary consortia
ResearchersLibraries (curators)Education organisations
LibrariesPublishersIntermed-iaries
Researchers
* Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)
ENABLING ACCESS - TRENDS
Driven By Specialised KnowledgeBetter Communication ChannelsResearchers Have More Opportunities & Methods To CollaborateAll Disciplines?
Number Of Authors For Mathematics Papers
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
1940 1960 1980 2000
One Author
Two Authors
Three or moreAuthors
The future of scientific communication – Andrew
Odlzko
Enabling access
ENABLING ACCESS – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES
Locating SourcesIs There A Comprehensive List Of Institutional Repositories?Who Maintains?
Should A Distributed Search Service Be Created For These Institutional Repositories?How Does This Content Relate To Other Repositories & Traditional Publishers?Should We Create A Persistent Identifier Scheme For Open Access Publications?
Enabling access
THE INFORMATION CHAIN – SUMMARY
Open Access Models Still EvolvingIt Remains Unclear How Several Parts Of The Information Chain Are Going To WorkMore Information Sources Will Likely Give Rise To Less Conformance To StandardsHow Are We Going To Create More Structured, Standards Based Resources That Researchers Can Actually Use?
AGENDA
Conclusion
British Library’s Role In Research
Information Chain, Trends & Open Access
British Library Open Access Projects
Conclusion Revisited
COLLABORTIVE OPEN ACCESS PROJECTS
SherpaRepository For The Unaffiliated Researcher
Preserv – Led By Southampton UniversityTo Build and Test an Exemplar OAI-based Preservation Service.
eThesesCreating a National Resource for Electronic Theses
Digital Preservation ProjectsMetadata ProjectsDigitisation Projects
AGENDA
Conclusion
British Library’s Role In Research
Information Chain, Trends & Open Access
British Library Open Access Projects
Conclusion Revisited
CONCLUSION
BL Has a UK Statutory Responsibility To Collect, Preserve & Provide Long Term Access To Research Information
Open Access Models (Institutional Repositories Specifically) are Still Emerging, Developing & Maturing
We Must Consider All Segments Of the Information Chain When Developing Policy For Institutional Repositories
The BL Is Working On A Number Of Pilot & Experimental Projects To Explore Different Models For Open Access Publishing
We Are Seeking Partners For Collaborative Projects To Share Expertise, Risks & Costs Of Experimentation
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