The Ancient Middle East

Thanks to Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY for some of the

slides

Thanks to Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY for some of the

slides

Essential Questions:Essential Questions:Who are the Ancient egyptians?Who are the Ancient egyptians?

Where did they live?Where did they live?How did they develop their traditions How did they develop their traditions

and beliefs?and beliefs?How has their culture affected modern How has their culture affected modern

day society?day society?What is the Egyptian legacy to What is the Egyptian legacy to

Europe?Europe?

Ancient Ancient EgyptEgypt

A View of Egypt by Satellite

A View of Egypt by Satellite

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

Ancient Egyptian History

Ancient Egyptian HistoryPeriods Time Frame

Nile Culture Begins

3900 B. C.

Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C.

Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C.

Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C.

New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C.

Late Period 750 – 332 B. C.

Greek Ptolemaic Era

332 – 30 B. C.

Roman Period 30 B. C.. – 395 A.D.

Menes: Unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt

c. 3050 B. C. E. ?

c. 3050 B. C. E. ?

Ancient Egyptian Housing

Ancient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class

HomesMiddle Class Homes

Peasant Homes

Peasant Homes

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Making Ancient Egyptian Beer

Making Ancient Egyptian Beer

Making Ancient Egyptian WineMaking Ancient Egyptian Wine

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”

PerfumePerfume

WigsWigs

MirrorMirror

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Egyptian NobilityEgyptian Nobility

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

Akhenaton

1379 -1334 B.C.

Akhenaton

1379 -1334 B.C.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C.

Tutankhamon

1336-1327 B. C. E.

Tutankhamon

1336-1327 B. C. E.

Mon

othe

ism

Tel Amarna-the great city of Akhenaton

Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II

Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II

Egyptian ScribeEgyptian Scribe

Papyrus PaperPapyrus Paper

Papyrus PlantPapyrus Plant

Hieratic Scroll Piece

Hieratic Scroll Piece

Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship

Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship

11 1010 100100 10001000 10,00010,000 100,000100,000 1,000,0001,000,000

What number is this?

What number is this?

Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

Hieroglyphic

“Cartouche”

Hieroglyphic

“Cartouche”

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic

symbols 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic

symbols

Preparations for the Underworld

Preparations for the Underworld

Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

Mummification

Materials Used in Mummification

Materials Used in Mummification

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

Preparation for the Afterlife

Preparation for the Afterlife

The Ankh – The “Cross” of LifeThe Ankh – The “Cross” of Life

King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask

King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask

1336-1327 B. C. E.

1336-1327 B. C. E.

Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.Queen Tiye,

wife of Amenhotep II

1210-1200 B. C. E.

Queen Tiye, wife of

Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Journey to the Underworld

Journey to the Underworld

A boat for the journey is

provided for a dead pharaoh

in his tomb.

A boat for the journey is

provided for a dead pharaoh

in his tomb.

The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”

The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”

Egyptian Book of the Dead

Egyptian Book of the Dead

The Final JudgementThe Final Judgement

Anubis Horus Osiris Anubis Horus Osiris

Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants

in the Afterlife

Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants

in the Afterlife

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

Giza Pyramid ComplexGiza Pyramid Complex

The Valley of the Queens

The Valley of the Queens

Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

1473-1458 B. C. E.

1473-1458 B. C. E.

QueenNefertitiQueen

Nefertiti

Egypt’s Egypt’s LegacyLegacy

• ArchitectureArchitecture• United We Stand United We Stand • One RulerOne Ruler• QueensQueens• BeautyBeauty• PaperPaper• Writing? Writing? • Divine rightDivine right• The afterlifeThe afterlife• The judgment after deathThe judgment after death• Monotheism?Monotheism?• Moses and the ExodusMoses and the Exodus

Who Are These Strange People?

Who Are These Strange People?

Routes of the “Sea Peoples”

Routes of the “Sea Peoples”

The end of the Bronze Age!The end of the Bronze Age!