The Ancient Middle East 2: Egypt

Egyptian CivEgyptian Civ• A second center of civilization emerged along the A second center of civilization emerged along the

Nile River in N. Africa around 3000 B.C.E. Nile River in N. Africa around 3000 B.C.E. • Egyptian civ. benefited from trade and tech. Egyptian civ. benefited from trade and tech.

influence of Mesopotamia, but produced a very influence of Mesopotamia, but produced a very different society and culture. different society and culture.

• Less open to invasion, Egypt retained a unified Less open to invasion, Egypt retained a unified state for most of its history. state for most of its history.

• The pharaoh wielded immense power, and The pharaoh wielded immense power, and appointed viziers to administer govt throughout appointed viziers to administer govt throughout the land. the land.

A View of Egypt by Satellite

The Fertile Nile Valley

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

Ancient Egyptian HistoryPeriods Time Frame

Nile Culture Begins

3900 B. C. E.

Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C. E.Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C. E.

Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C. E.New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C. E.Late Period 750 – 332 B. C. E.

Greek Ptolemaic Era

332 – 30 B. C. E.

Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt

c. 3050 B. C. E. ?

Ancient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class

Homes

Peasant Homes

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”

Perfume

Wigs

Mirror

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

Thutmose III

1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II

1279-1212 B. C. E.

Tutankhamon

1336-1327 B. C.E.

Egyptian Nobility

Egyptian Priestly Class

Egyptian Scribe

Papyrus Paper

Papyrus Plant

Scroll Piece

Egyptian Math

11 1010 100100 10001000 10,00010,000 100,000100,000 1,000,0001,000,000

What number is this?

Champollion & the Rosetta Stone, 1799

Hieroglyphic

“Cartouche”

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic

symbols

Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:

“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”

Osiris Isis Horus

Preparations for the Underworld

Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

Materials Used in Mummification

1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

Preparation for the Afterlife

Egyptian Mummies

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.Queen Tiye,

wife of Amenhotep II

1210-1200 B. C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Journey to the Underworld

A boat for the journey is

provided for a dead pharaoh

in his tomb.

Egyptian Book of the Dead

The Final Judgement

Anubis Horus Osiris

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

Giza Pyramid Complex

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)

Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb

King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask

1336-1327 B. C. E.

King Tutankhamon

King Tutankhamun’s Tomb

Treasures From Tut’s Tomb

The Valley of the Queens

Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

1473-1458 B. C. E.

Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?

1352-1336 B. C. E.

QueenNefertiti

Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II

1279-1213 B. C. E.

Legacy of EgyptiansLegacy of Egyptians• Egyptian mathematics produced the Egyptian mathematics produced the

idea of a 24 hour day. idea of a 24 hour day. • Trade linked Egypt to Mediterranean Trade linked Egypt to Mediterranean

islands like Crete, south of Greece. islands like Crete, south of Greece. • The Greeks studied Egyptian The Greeks studied Egyptian

mathematics and art. mathematics and art.

• Images from: Susan M. PojerImages from: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY, Chappaqua, NY, http://www.pptpalooza.net/http://www.pptpalooza.net/