Tek. Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit_1

Program Studi Teknik KimiaJurusan Teknologi Industri dan Proses

Teknologi Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit (KI 1301) – 3 sksBangkit Gotama

Tatap Muka / minggu

2 (3 x 50 menit) : Senin (Sesi 4) dan Kamis (Sesi 4)

Total Tatap Muka 32

Assesment (Paper based or paperless / Google Classroom)

Tugas Individu = 20%Presentasi = 25%UTS = 25%UAS = 30%

Pustaka Utama• Corley, R.H.V., and Tinker, P.B. (2003), The Oil Palm, 4th edition, Blackwell Science,

Oxford. • Lai, O., Tan, C. and Akoh, C.C. eds (2012), Palm oil : Production, Processing,

Characterization and Uses; AOCS Press, Illinois. Pustaka PendukungRelated JournalMetode Pembelajaran

Senin Kamis

Kuliah Presentasi Review Paper

MateriCapaian Pembelajaran : Mampu menjelaskan teknologi proses pengolahan kelapa sawit baik di industri hulu maupun hilir melalui kinerja individu dan kelompok.

Pokok Bahasan Minggu ke-

Palm Oil Introduction 1

Palm Oil Cultivation 2-3

Palm Oil Production (CPO & CPKO) 4-5

Palm Oil Refinery 6

Evaluasi Tengah Semester (ETS) 7

Waste and Environmental Management in Palm Oil Industry 8-9

Palm Oleochemicals 10-11

Palm Bioenergy 12-13

Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Industry 14-15

Evaluasi Akhir Semester (EAS) 16

IntroductionHistory

Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is indigenous to West Africa the main palm belt ran

from Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Ivory Coast, Ghana and Cameroon to the equatorial of

the Republics of Congo and Zaire.

Palm Oil Tree

The development of oil palm as a plantation crop started in the South East Asia;

the first introduction of the African oil palm was four seedlings from Mauritius

and Amsterdam that were planted in the Botanic Gardens in Bogor in 1848. The

first commercial oil palm plantation was established in Sumatra, Indonesia by

M. Adrien Hallet, a Belgian agronomist with interests in the Belgian Congo

(Zaire).

IntroductionTaxonomy

Three species of palm oil :

- Elaeis guineensis Jacq. :

African Palm Oil (cultivated on wide scale)

- Elaeis oleifera :

American Palm Oil (for production E. guineensis ×

E.oleifera hybrids)

- Elaeis odora :

South American

Another Species :

- E. madagascariensis Becc : from E. guineensis

IntroductionSpecies of E. guineensis

Within E. guineensis, several genetically distinct forms are recognized based on the structure and

coloration of the fruits.

The major structural character is the thickness of the shell or endocarp that surrounds the seed

or kernel. Three main forms are generally recognized :

- dura (thick-shelled, 2-8mm)

- tenera (medium or thin-shelled; 0,5 -3mm)

- pisifera (shell-less, no endocarp, 95% mesocarp)

There is also a fourth type, termed macrocarya with a very thick “stony” endocarp that is taken to represent an extreme form of the dura but which otherwise “has no genetic significance”. It is the crosses between dura and pisifera that result in tenera hybrids that are the basis of modern plantations.

IntroductionDura vs Tenera

IntroductionSpecies of E. guineensis

Other distinctions occur in the external coloration of the fruits. There are 3 main forms:

- nigrescens, being the most common with violet to black unripe fruits turning at maturity to

reddish orange with a brown cap (rubro-nigrescens) or paler orange with a black cap (rutilo-

nigrescens)

- virescens, with unripe green fruits and light reddish orange ripe fruits with a small greenish

tip

- albescens, with deep green unripe fruits becoming pale yellow or ivory with apical green or

black cap as they ripen.

As might be expected, the three forms differ in their chemical composition, such as carotene and

anthocyanin contents.

IntroductionPalm Oil Fruits

Palm Oil Fruit Bunch Palm Oil Fruit Palm Kernel

IntroductionPalm Oil Fruits

IntroductionCharacteristics of Palm Oil

The oil palm produces two types of oils, palm oil from the fibrous mesocarp and lauric oil

from the palm kernel.

Palm Oil products :

- Crude Palm Oil (CPO) : from fibre / mesocarp

- Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO) : from kernel

Fractionation of CPO and CPKO in the refinery produces the liquid stearin fraction and a solid

stearin component.

IntroductionCharacteristics of Palm Oil

IntroductionProcess Production of Palm Oil

IntroductionProduction of Palm Oil

IntroductionProduction of Palm Oil

IntroductionPalm Oil Derivatives Products

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