TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES PRESENTED BY:Sanjib ku.Dey Adm no:27I&E/2K.
Post on 28-Dec-2015
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TECHNICAL SEMINARON
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PRESENTED BY:Sanjib ku.DeyAdm no:27I&E/2K
HEVs combine the internal combustion engine of a
conventional vehicle with the
battery and electric motor of
an electric vehicle.
Hybrid power systems were
conceived as a way to compensate for
the shortfall in battery technology. Because batteries could supply only enough energy for
short trips, an onboard generator,
powered by an internal
combustion engine, could be installed
and used for longer trips.
High fuel efficiency.
Decreased emissions.
No need of fossil fuels.
Less overall vehicle weight.
Regenerative braking can be used.
Toyota Prius Honda
Insight Honda
Civic(hybrid)
1.. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
2..WHEEL
3.. ELECTRIC MOTOR
4..INTELLIGENT POWER ELECTRONICS
5.. BRAKE
6.. BATTERIES
ThermalManagement
systemHybridPower
unit Tractionmotor
EnergyStorage
unit
Accessories
Fuel tank Body chassisEnergy management
& system control
HEVs will contain a mix of aluminum,
steel, plastic, magnesium, and
composites (typically a strong,
lightweight material composed of fibers in a binding matrix, such as fiberglass).
Ultra capacitors are higher
specific energy and power versions of electrolytic capacitors
devices that store energy as an electrostatic
charge.
Lead acid batteries, used currently in
many electric vehicles, are
potentially usable in hybrid applications. Lead acid batteries can be designed to be high power and are inexpensive,
safe, and reliable.
Flywheels store kinetic energy within a rapidly
spinning wheel-like rotor or disk. Ultimately, flywheels
could store amounts of energy comparable to
batteries. They contain no acids or other potentially
hazardous materials. Flywheels are not affected by temperature extremes,
as most batteries are.
Fuel cells offer highly efficient and fuel-flexible power systems with low
to zero emissions for future HEV designs. There are a variety of thermal
issues to be addressed in the development and
application of fuel cells for hybrid vehicles.
Spark ignition engine mixes fuel and air in a pre-
chamber. Throttle and heat losses,
which occur as the fuel mixture
travels from pre-chamber into the
combustion chamber.
A Compression Ignition engine achieves combustion
through compression without use of sparkplug. It becomes CIDI engine when it is enhanced with direct
injection.
Motors are the "work horses" of HEV drive systems. In an HEV, an electric traction motor converts
electrical energy from the energy storage unit to mechanical energy
that drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided,
an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. This
characteristic gives the vehicle excellent "off the line" acceleration.
As emissions standards tighten
and exhaust control technologies
improve, the issue of evaporative
emissions becomes increasingly
important. Thermal management of fuel
tanks is one approach to reducing
these emissions.
60% to 80% of amiss ions in an autos
typical driving cycle comes from cold start
emissions, that is, pollutants that are emitted before the
catalytic converter is hot enough to begin
catalyzing combustion products.
Heat recovered from any of the above
sources can be used in a variety of ways. For winter driving, heat recovery from HEV sources such as the power unit exhaust, propulsion motors,
batteries, and power inverter can
significantly improve cabin warm-up.
HEVs are now at the forefront of transportation technology development.
Hybrids have the potential to allow continued growth in the automotive sector,
while also reducing critical resource consumption,
dependence on foreign oil, air pollution, and traffic
congestion.
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