Tactile wayfinder a non-visual support system for wayfinding

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Tactile wayfinder: a non-visual support system for wayfinding + NordiCHI. 2008 -Wilko Heuten et al.

/한상규 x 2017 Spring

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

랩미팅2017.4.13.목

한상규

Tactile wayfinder: a non-visual support system for wayfinding

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Why this paper?

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“길�찾기�중심의�아웃도어�실험�설계와�평가�방법이�궁금해서”

- 프로포절에서�스마트워치를�활용한�길찾기�실험을�하겠다고�한�상황�

- 실제로�비슷하게�한�실험으로�촉각�피드백을�활용한�벨트로�정해진�경로를�찾아가는�실험�발견

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

저자

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길찾기,�차량운전,�운동에서�다양한�방식의�정보�증강�연구

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Own Conclusion

- 기술의�발전을�잘�활용한�앞서간�실험물(pda+웨어러블)의�제작�->�창의성의�문제?�

- 기술적�한계까지�예측�/�측정하여�실험과�결과�분석�과정에�녹여내야�함��

- 야외�실험세팅�보단�실험물의�선택과�활용에�대해�한땀�한땀�정교하게�가져가야할�필요성

5

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Background

- 길찾기�:�사람의�장소를�이동하기�위해�발생하는�제반되는�공간적�문제의�인지적�해결�과정,� 세부적으로�방향�가누기�->�길�선택�->�목적지로의�경로�유지�->�목적지�인식으로�단계�정의��

- 공간인지를�돕기�위한�기존의�방법은�지도보기,�음성안내�등이�있지만�시각적�주의와�청각을� 통해�주변�상황의�인식을�저해하여�각종�사고의�Risk가�있음�

- 저자는�주로�낯선�곳의�여행객,�자전거,�자동차�운전상황을�들면서�사고의�위험이�있음을�주장�

- 이러한�상황�맥락을�고려�촉각�위주의�길찾기�도구에�대한�다음의�5가지�요구�기능을�도출

왜 촉각을 활용한 길찾기인가?

6

1.도구에�시각적�주의를�들이지�않고�주변을�보는데�집중하도록�도와야함�

2.도구를�가지고�다니면�자신의�방향에�맞춰�계속�동기화를�해야함으로�핸즈�프리가�좋음�

3.음성�역시�주변�소리를�저해하여�짜증과�위험을�불러일으킬�수�있어�활용�안할�것임�

4.시청각적�피드백은�멈춰서서�확인해야는데,�끊임없이�직관적이고�방해�없는�피드백�필요�

5.다른�사람에게�특이하게�비춰지지�않아야�하며�현실적/기술적으로�수용가능한�위치�탐색�

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Related Work

- 촉각�센서를�활용한�글러브�:�world�centric�->�ego�centric의�직관적�네비게이션��

- 실제�나침반�형상의�별도�디스플레이와�맞는�경로�진입시�진동으로�지속�피드백�

- 벨트�형태의�연구도�있었으나�진동자의�갯수에�따라�방향의�표현�정확도가�천차�만별

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E. Rukzio, A. Schmidt, and A. Kru ̈ger. The rotating compass: a novel interaction technique for mobile navigation. In CHI ’05: CHI ’05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 1761–1764, New York, NY, USA, 2005. ACM.

K. Tsukada and M. Yasumrua. Activebelt: Belt-type wearable tactile display for directional navigation. In Proceedings of UbiComp2004, pages 384–399. Springer LNCS 3205, 2004.

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Related Work

- 촉각�센서를�활용한�글러브�:�world�centric�->�ego�centric의�직관적�네비게이션��

- 실제�나침반�형상의�별도�디스플레이와�맞는�경로�진입시�진동으로�지속�피드백�

- 벨트�형태의�연구도�있었으나�진동자의�갯수에�따라�방향의�표현�정확도가�천차�만별

8

E. Rukzio, A. Schmidt, and A. Kru ̈ger. The rotating compass: a novel interaction technique for mobile navigation. In CHI ’05: CHI ’05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 1761–1764, New York, NY, USA, 2005. ACM.

K. Tsukada and M. Yasumrua. Activebelt: Belt-type wearable tactile display for directional navigation. In Proceedings of UbiComp2004, pages 384–399. Springer LNCS 3205, 2004.

프로포절에서�들었던�피드백�‘답.정.너’�

여기선�현상�+�선행연구로�끊임없이��반복하여�주장

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Prototype Design

9

- 끊임�없는�정보증강은�시청각에서�불가�/�위험도�상존�->�촉각을�활용해야함�

- 촉각을�통한�인터랙션은�웨어러블이�적합�->�9가지�몸의�부위로�진동을�인식�테스트(6명)� *�주의를�느낌과�편안함�측정에서�남성은�가슴,�엉덩이�부근,�여성은�엉덩이�부근이�편하다고�평가�

- 그래서�벨트로�선정하고�얼마만큼의�방향을�나눠서�인지하게�할지를�고민 *�기존�연구,�사람이�인지하기�좋은�범위�10도씩�해서�360도�전�방위로�하려면�36개�진동자�필요�

- 당시�최신(PDA)의�윈도우�프로그래밍�활용�6개의�진동자�만으로도�전방위를�커버방법�고안 *�각각의�진동자가�독립적으로는�45도씩,�그�중간각은�진동자�2개간�세기조정으로�느껴지는�방향�표시

(a)�45도�방향식�표시할때 (b)진동을�줄여�없는�구간에서�->�(c)그라데이션�형태로�표현

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Evaluation 1

10

프로토타입의 방향 인지 정확성 측정

- 벨트를�착용하여�모든�피험자가�동일한�순서의�각도에�대한�진동을�받고�느낀�각도를�받음�

๏ 피험자�총�13명(28~70세)�시행,�각도는�나침반을�주고�느낀�위치에�대한�값을�참조�๏ 각도는�랜덤으로�22개를�선정,�개인별�시행간�큰�영향을�주지�않으므로�동일�순서�적용��

- �결과�

๏ 360도�정면에서�가장�정확,�평균�15도�정도의�오류와�최대�30도까지�틀리는�경우�발생�๏ 개인도�평균�약�15도�오류�발생,�개인차나�캘리브레이션�문제로�특정�부분이�크다고�추정 *�사람들이�5,�0으로�떨어지는�자릿수로�대답하는�경향도�영향이�있을�것이라�주장��

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Evaluation 1

11

프로토타입의 방향 인지 정확성 측정

- 벨트를�착용하여�모든�피험자가�동일한�순서의�각도에�대한�진동을�받고�느낀�각도를�받음�

๏ 피험자�총�13명(28~70세)�시행,�각도는�나침반을�주고�느낀�위치에�대한�값을�참조�๏ 각도는�랜덤으로�22개를�선정,�개인별�시행간�큰�영향을�주지�않으므로�동일�순서�적용��

- �결과�

๏ 360도�정면에서�가장�정확,�평균�15도�정도의�오류와�최대�30도까지�틀리는�경우�발생�๏ 개인도�평균�약�15도�오류�발생,�개인차나�캘리브레이션�문제로�특정�부분이�크다고�추정 *�사람들이�5,�0으로�떨어지는�자릿수로�대답하는�경향도�영향이�있을�것이라�주장��

에고센트릭으로�사용자가�바른�경로로�진입시�전방의�진동�위주,�그외에�방향은�전환시에만�일시적으로�필요함으로�오류차에�대해�

큰�보정없이�진행

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Evaluation 2

- 실제�초원에서�정해진�경로에�맞춰�벨트가�알려주는�대로�이동하는�평가�실시�

๏ 피험자�총�6명(24~40세)이�시행하였고�150mx150m�초원에서�실시(랜드마크�없이�하고�싶어서)�๏ 2가지�코스로�급경사�위주의�375m�1번�코스,�완만한�곡선이�많은�430m�구간�2번�코스�๏ 목표�지점의�선을�15m�반경의�에어리어로�경로�선정�->�당시�GPS�오류�보정��

- 결과�

๏ 1번:�초과�이동거리�평균�18.2m(sd=6.5)�정확도(15m�반경�99%,�10m이내에서는�78%)�๏ 2번:�초과�이동거리�평균�22.8m(sd=7.2)정확도(20m�반경�99%,�15m이내에서는�95%)�

12

야외에서 길찾기를 통한 평가

1번 코스 / 이탈률 2번 코스 / 이탈률

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ. 13

Discussion

한계 및 기여

- GPS오류가�개선된다면�꽤�정확할�것임�

- 랜드마크가�있는�곳이라면,�길�모양이�구분된�곳이라면�훨씬�더�빠르고�정확할�것임�

- 역으로�랜드마크나�길�없이�최대한의�촉각�인터페이스만으로�정확도를�높인데�기여를�한�것임�

- (개인적)�시간을�체크하며�최대한�보통�걸음�속도에서의�시행을�알리고자�했으나�대조군이�없음

퓨처 워크

- 운전자�상황,�도심상황,�시골�상황�등�다양한�상황을�가지고�테스트를�해볼�수�있음�

- 진동의�다른�패턴으로�정보를�다양화�할�수�있을�것임�

UX Lab, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ.

Takeaway & Conclusion

14

- 기술의�발전을�잘�활용한�앞서간�실험물의�제작�->�기존�도구의�새로운�활용�방안�

- 기술적�한계까지�예측�/�측정하여�실험과�결과�분석�과정에�녹여내야�함�->�명확히�밝히고�인정�

- 야외�실험세팅�보단�실험물의�선택과�활용에�대한�정교화�->�모든�과정을�논리와�근거로�구성�

- 실험실�환경에서�실험물의�기능과�활용에�대한�사전�검증�과정도�필요�

- 선�->�면으로�이탈률을�계산하고�전체�길이를�통한�경로�효율성도�측정�가능

감사합니다

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