Supporting communities to increase bean productivity through enhanced accessibility to seed of preferred bean varieties and other technologies in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania
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Supporting communities to increase bean
productivity through enhanced accessibility
to seed of preferred bean varieties and
other technologies in Malawi, Mozambique
and Tanzania
R.M. Chirwa, J.C. Rubyogo, C. S. Madata, E.D.
Mazuma, M. Amane and R. Magreta
SAf-CoP5 Annual Meeting Held at Ruvuma Hotel, October 3-7, 2011
Maputo, Mozambique
Importance of Beans
Major Challenges to Production
The project interventions
Goal
Specific objectives
2010-11 Progress
Presentation Outline
Importance of Bean
Good source of plant protein/minerals/vitamins
Leaves are valuable
vegetables
Reduces hunger periods/cash strap period – due to its early maturing – takes 3 months
Sold for cash – leaves and grain
Good for rotation and intercrop with cereals
Limiting Factors to Bean Production
Limited varieties for specific agro-ecologies and market niches,
Limited availability of seed of improved bean varieties (at all grades: Breeder’s seed, Basic & Certified Seed),
Inefficiency in existing seed production and supply systems,
Limited knowledge about the existence or availability of non-variety bean technologies (IPDM & ISFM),
Poor linkages between producers and consumers/markets and service providers.
Project Goal
Support communities to increase bean productivity through
enhanced accessibility to seed of preferred bean varieties
and other technologies.
Project Objectives
• To speed the testing of any new promising varieties so that superior ones can
be recommended for release,
• To mainstream the use of appropriate seed production and dissemination
channels for wider uptake and utilization of released varieties,
• To widely test and fast track use of best non-variety bean-based technologies
to increase production, reduce post-harvest loss and enhance
utilization/market of beans to increase farmers’ well being at farm level and
along the supply chains,
• To develop bean commodity functional platforms,
• Enhance skills and knowledge of partners.
Project Sites
Southern Highlands of Tanzania:
Mbeya, Iringa, Rukwa and
Ruvuma Regions
• Malawi:
Northern, central and southern
regions
• Mozambique:
Tete, Zambezia, Nampula and
Niassa provinces
Project strategy: Partnership
Partners included:
• Research Institutions,
• Government Extension
Agents,
• NGOs,
• CBOs,
• Private sector,
• Farmer organizations,
• Church organizations,
• Bean traders,
• Individual farmers,
• Seed growers.
Roles of Each Partner Category Actors Roles
Research NARS (DARS, ARI
Uyole and IIAM) and
CIAT/SABRN
Germplasm development, breeder seed production,
soil science, nutrition, plant pathology, entomology,
socio-economics, M&E, marketing, and research-
extension liaison.
Provision of information on new varieties
Support other partners’ skills and knowledge
enhancement
Seed
Regulators
National seed
authorities
Seed quality control and certification
Extension Public and NGOs/FOs Community mobilization and farmer empowerment
in bean production, nutrition and marketing
Support decentralized testing of varieties and
facilitate feed back to research
Support the decentralized seed production and
diffusion
Skills in agri-business management
Mobilize farmers to produce and supply toward
specific bean market e.g. export market
Roles of Each Partner
Category Actors Roles
Seed producers
and traders
Seed Companies
Decentralised seed
enterpreneurs
Traders
Farmers groups
Variety testing, seed production and marketing
Nutrition
groups
MoH, Universities
NGOs
Nutrition extension and food basket development
Grain
marketers
Traders, exporters
Supermarket
Grain market opportunities and contracting small
farmers for grain market
Testing variety marketability
PROGRESS REPORT 2010-11
Output 1: New acceptable client oriented bean varieties
identified across the different agro-ecologies and users
systems
Research questions:
What is the trade-off in accepting the drought tolerant or disease
resistant small seeded bean varieties by different actors in the supply
chain considering the clients’: gender, wealth and agro-ecological
characteristics?
Hypothesis:
Non-traditional types of varieties are equally acceptable by the actors
in the supply chain if they have attributes like drought or disease
resistance
Characterization of PVS Sites-
PVS sites characterized in terms of:
Agro-ecology
Rainfall
Altitude
Pests and diseases
User systems
Land holding
Cropping systems
Level of technology
PVS sites and characterizations
Country
Major
agro-
ecologies
Sites (No)
Number of
genotypes
per sites
(range)
Participating farmers
Female Male
Malawi x 20
Mozambique 3 29 20
Tanzania 20 6-10
Output 1: New acceptable client oriented bean varieties
identified across the different agro-ecologies and users
systems
Country
Users systems
(market, agro-
ecology and stress)
Clients Varieties
preferred
Characteristics
Trade-offs
Negative
traits Positive traits
Mozambique
Tanzania,
Malawi
High stress
environment (high
rainfall/acid soils
and root rot
diseases or lower
rain
Women and
schools Carioca
Small
seeded
High yielding
Highly palatability
Drought tolerant
Multi disease and pest
(nematodes)
Stable yield
House hold food security
Mozambique Niche market Urban Black (A222)
Small seed
Black
High yielding
Pest and diseases
Drought tolerant
High micro-dense
Tanzania High and medium
altitude- poor soil
Women and
men –school Roba -1
High yield
Fast cooking
Highly palatable leaves
Highly micro-dense
Output 1: New acceptable client oriented bean varieties
identified across the different agro-ecologies and users systems
Country
Users systems
(market, agro-
ecology and
stress)
Clients Varieties
preferred
Characteristics
Trade-offs
Negative
traits Positive traits
Tanzania Wider adaptation
range Women and men
NRI cross 05
E27
Unusual
color ‘
pink’
Multiple disease resistance
High yielding
Highly palatability
Stable yield
House hold food security
Mozambique
Tanzania Niche market Urban Black (A222)
Small seed
Black
High yielding
Pest and diseases
Drought tolerant
High micro-dense
Tanzania High and medium
altitude- poor soil
Women and men –
school Roba -1
High yield
Fast cooking
Highly palatable leaves
Highly micro-dense
Output 2: Appropriate (cost effective, healthy seed, socially acceptable)
seed production and dissemination models/channels selected and
mainstreamed for wider uptake of client-oriented released bean varieties
Research questions:
What is the quality of each seed grade (breeder, foundation, certified and
non-certified)?
Hypothesis:
Quality of certified and non-certified seeds are the same
Research questions
How efficient is each of the models of seed production and supply
channels operates?
Hypothesis:
The efficiency of seed production and supply channels are the same.
Establishment of varied seed systems 2010-2011
Country seed grade
Number of seed
producers Amount (ton)
Variety
composition
Malawi Breeder 0.620
8
Basic
Commercial 740 3
Farmers seeds
Mozambique Breeder
Basic
Commercial
Farmers’ seeds
Tanzania Breeder 6.3 11
Basic 90.0 6
Farmers’ seeds (released varieties) 397.7
Farmers seed from PVS Varieties and
start up seeds 2.5
Information and demand creation targeting
farmers and other value chain actors
Country Information tools
Target Information access
Malawi
Mozambique
Malawi
Parameters to evaluate
Output 3.1: Appropriate ISFM or IPDM bean production or
protection management options identified and fast tracked
for increased bean seed and food production.
Research question:
What ICM bean based technologies can effectively improve bean seed
or grain productivity or storability, and at what costs?
Hypothesis:
Use of a combination of improved varieties and ICM is more
productive that varieties alone.
Output 3.1: Appropriate ISFM or IPDM bean production or
protection management options identified and fast tracked
for increased bean seed and food production
Pre –
harvest/field Constraints Options
Number of
seed producers
ISFM Low soil fertility/acid
soils
Suitable crop varieties + healthy seed
Farm Yard Manure (> 5 tons/ha) with spot
application
30 N-20 P/ha
100 kg of DAP
100 kg TSP+ 80 kg of CAN
Minjingu R.phosphate
IPDM – BSM (Bean seed Maggot)
Chemical control and timely application (4-5
days after emergency)
Seed dressing -endosulfan
Pod borers
Chemical and scouting
Aphids (BCMV) Timely planting
Pos harvest
Insects Bruchids
Integrated pest control (Cleaness/sanitation
Chemical-seed dressing)
Next steps
Test the best bet ICM technologies with seed
producers in 2011-12
Output 3.1: Appropriate ISFM or IPDM bean production
or protection management options identified and fast
tracked for increased bean seed and food production
Key Findings Expected Results
Output 3.1: Appropriate ISFM or IPDM bean production or
protection management options identified and fast tracked
for increased bean seed and food production
Output 3.2: Appropriate bean-based food baskets
identified for improved nutrition
Research questions:
Will improved food security through increased bean for food and
income result into improved nutrition security?
Hypothesis:
Increased food security through beans result into improved nutrition
security
Stimulating demands Information on micronutrient rich bean varieties
Output 3.2: Appropriate bean-based food baskets
identified for improved nutrition
Released varieties with
micro-nutrient rich are
available
Demand creation
established
Seed multiplication by
communities with
partners in place
Expected Results
• vulnerable groups are
nutrition secure with
increased bean
components in their food
baskets
Seed multiplication for micro-nutrient rich
varieties
Amount of seeds
produced per varieties
in Tanzania (Roba 1
(pre-released): 0.9
tons sold to partners)
and Malawi (NUAs
varieties released in
2009-1 ton),
Mozambique ( under
multiplication) –
Photos for released
varieties
Output 4: Vibrant/functional bean value chain platforms
established in each country, bringing together various actors to
support bean commodity development.
Research questions:
What are the key factors which motivate the actors to
come together to develop a vibrant bean supply
chain?
Hypothesis
There are no known key factors that motivate bean
actors to come together and develop a functional
supply chain
Key Findings
Interest in bean for both
market and food
security
Specific niche export
market
Nutrition e.g. micro-
nutrient rich varieties
Expected Results
Deep understanding of
factors contribution to
vibrant bean platform
Output 4: Vibrant/functional bean value chain platforms
established in each country, bringing together various actors
to support bean commodity development.
Output 4: Vibrant/functional bean value chain platforms
established in each country, bringing together various actors
to support bean commodity development- established platform
Country Value chain Specifications Platform members Operation areas
Malawi Sugar beans Export market
Farmers’ World
Farmers
organizations/producers
DARS
NGOs
Traders
Extensions
Demeter Seed
Countrywide
Mozambique Sugar beans
and cream Export to SA
SA trading Hub
Farmers organizations
World Vision
Public extension
Traders
MSU project
IIAM
Zambezia and Tete
Output 4: Vibrant/functional bean value chain platforms
established in each country, bringing together various actors
to support bean commodity development- established platform
Country Value
chain
Specifications Platform members Operation
areas
Mozambique Black
beans
Maputo
market
IIAM
Traders and supermarket
Farmers organizations
Public extension and NGOs
Zambezia
Tanzania Beans Production for
households
food security
and sales
ARI Uyole
Tumaini University
INCOMET (NGO
extension)
SACOs
District Extension
Farmers organizations and
farmers (seed and grain
production)
Traders
Iringa region
Output 5.1: Skills and knowledge (PVS, seed systems and
bean management options) of NARS scientists and partner
organizations including farmers enhanced
Key Findings:
• Training of trainers speeds up the knowledge
dissemination and sustainaibility
Output 5.1: Skills and knowledge (PVS, seed systems and bean
management options) of NARS scientists and partner organizations
including farmers enhanced
Country
Training areas Target groups
Participants
Female Male
Malawi Seed production
/quality control
Seed producers,
extension staff ? ?
Mozambique PVS Extension staff
(ToTs) 3
19
Mozambique PVS Farmers 2 14
Tanzania
Entrepreneurship
linked to seed and
grain business
Farmer seed
and grain
producers
618 419
Output 5.2: Project experiences in PVS, crop
management, nutrition and seed systems documented for
wider use and replication.
Project Inception Meeting
Institution Total
IIAM 3
UYOLE 2
MCKNIGHT
FOUNDATION 2
DARS 4
CIAT 5
Participants at the inception meeting
Acknowledgement
The McKnight Foundation CCRP for funding.
Governments of Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania for support and hosting the project
PABRA-CIAT for technical support
Partner organizations in 3 Countries: NGOs, CBOs, Traders (Private Sector) and Farmer Associations etc for collaboration
Thank You, For
Listening
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