Supplementing the Chosen Competitive Strategy
Post on 10-Feb-2016
42 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
Supplementing the Chosen Competitive Strategy
Strategic Alliances Joint Ventures Vertical Integration Outsourcing Mergers & Acquisitions
Cooperative Strategies• Strategic Alliance – formal
agreement between two or more companies in which there is a strategically relevant collaboration.
• Joint Venture – when two or more firms contribute resources to the creation of a third organization in an effort to pursue some mutually beneficial activity.
Advantages of Alliances/JVs
• Gain access to new global markets• Gain knowledge about unfamiliar
markets or cultures• Gain access or master new
technologies• Gain access to complementary
resources
Keys to Alliance/JV Success
• Picking the right partner• Sensitivity to cultural differences• Must be win-win• Managing the learning process • Maintaining flexibility
Who Makes a Geo?Geo Storm was actually manufactured
by Isuzu. The Storm is the Isuzu Impulse.
Geo Prizm = Toyota Corolla Geo Tracker = Suzuki Sidekick Geo Metro = Suzuki Esteem or Swift
w/hatchbackNo Geo cars were actually made by
General Motors. They were all imported from foreign manufacturers.
Vertical IntegrationOperating in more than one stage of the industry value
chain• partial/taper or full integration• forward or backwardBenefits
can not be held hostage – reduces buyer/supplier power
greater control over operations access to new business/technologies reduce procurement and sales efforts
Risks increased overhead, capital and administrative costs loss of flexibility different competencies may be required unbalanced capacities and increased risk
Vertical Integration• Will add value when:
• Enhance critical activities that lower costs or increase differentiation
• Benefits exceed the costs and enhances competitive capabilities
Outsourcing• Farming out specific activities to
others, allowing the firm to focus on more critical activities and core competencies
Outsourcing Works When:
• Others can do it better and cheaper• Not a core competency• Reduces the companies’ risk to
technology changes• Improves the company’s innovation• Streamlines operations
Mergers and Acquisitions
Reasons of Acquisitions
Cost Efficiencies
Geographic Expansion
Product/Market Extensions
Increased Speed
Lower Risk
Mergers and AcquisitionsProblems with Acquisitions
Integration of two firms
Overpayment/Debt
Overestimation of Synergy
Overdiversification
Managerial energy absorption
Become too large
Substitute for innovation
Mergers and AcquisitionsResults
Poor Performance
Who Wins?
Acquired FirmShareholders
Monday October 27th WSJ Bank of American – Boston Fleet
Financial BoA down $8.29, or 10%, BFF rose 23%
Anthem – WellPoint Health Networks Anthem down 8.2%, WellPoint up 8.8%
United Health – MidAtlantic Med Services UH down 4.9%, MAMS up 9.7%
Failures of Acquisitions30 - 40% average acquisition
premiumAcquiring firm’s value drops 4% in
the 3 months following acquisitions
30 - 50% of acquisitions are later divested
Acquirers underperform S&P by 14%, peers by 4%
3 month performance before and after 30% substantial losses, 20% some
losses, 33% marginal returns, 17% substantial returns
Why, then, do executives acquire?
Often, for personal reasonsFirm size and executive compensation
are relatedWhen do executives loss their jobs?
1) Acquired - larger firms harder to acquire
2) Performing poorly - employment risk is reduced as returns are less volatile
Competitive DynamicsCompetitive action within an
industry Strategic and tactical action does
not occur within a vacuumWhat industries have high
competitive dynamics?What sort of actions/tactics are
taken?
Drivers of Competitive Dynamics
numerous/equally balanced competitors slow growth high fixed/storage costs lack of differentiation/switching costs high exit barriers Etc…
Rivalry CompetitiveDynamics
Competition in the Pharmaceutical Industry
• Reps quadrupled to 120K last 10-15 years• 12B on sales force, 2.76B on ads• Managed care bet – Pfizer from 14th to 1st
• 529 visits yearly, average length – 2.5 min• 8% remember
• Glaxo can reach 80% of the Drs in a week• “Is this necessary. No, but if my
competitors do it and I can’t, then I’m at a disadvantage. This has been an arms race in the worst possible manner.”
Types of Competitive Responses
• First Movers - initial competitive action• advantages and disadvantages
• Fast Followers or Capable Competitors- respond quickly to first movers
• Late Entrants - day late and a dollar short
top related