Success Story of Sarahan Watershed District Sirmour

Success Story of Sarahan Success Story of Sarahan Watershed District Watershed District SirmourSirmour (Himachal Pradesh) (Himachal Pradesh) (2003-08)(2003-08)

CSKHPKV, Hill Agricultural Research & Extension CSKHPKV, Hill Agricultural Research & Extension Centre,Centre,

DhaulakuanDhaulakuan

Project Implementing Agency

Project Leader: Dr. R.S.RANAProject Leader: Dr. R.S.RANAScientist ( Agriculture Scientist ( Agriculture Engineering)Engineering)• Associates:Associates:

• Dr. MANOJ GUPTA (Agri. Economics)Dr. MANOJ GUPTA (Agri. Economics)

• Dr. H.L.THAKUR ( Associate Director)Dr. H.L.THAKUR ( Associate Director)

Typical watershedTypical watershed

WEEKLY RAINFALL PROBABILITIESWEEKLY RAINFALL PROBABILITIESSWSW 50P50P 80P80P SWSW 50P50P 80P80P SWSW 50P50P 80P80P SWSW 50P50P 80P80PJ1J1 00 00 A2A2 00 00 J2J2 7777 1919 O1O1 00 00J8J8 00 00 A9A9 00 00 J9J9 106106 4444 O8O8 00 00J15J15 00 00 A16A16 00 00 J16J16 115115 5656 O15O15 00 00J22J22 22 00 A23A23 00 00 J23J23 153153 5353 O22O22 00 00J29J29 11 00 A30A30 22 00 J30J30 150150 5050 O29O29 00 00F5F5 22 00 M7M7 22 00 A6A6 154154 6565 N5N5 00 00F12F12 1515 00 M14M14 22 00 A13A13 116116 6060 N12N12 00 00F19F19 55 00 M21M21 22 00 A20A20 107107 3636 N19N19 00 00F25F25 99 00 M28M28 00 00 A27A27 7373 55 N26N26 00 00M5M5 22 00 J4J4 88 00 S3S3 5252 22 D3D3 00 00M12M12 11 00 J11J11 2727 22 S10S10 4040 33 D10D10 00 00M19M19 55 00 J18J18 3434 22 S17S17 77 00 D17D17 00 00M26M26 44 00 J25J25 5656 3030 S24S24 00 00 D24D24 33 00

MONTHLY RAINFALL PROBABILITIESMONTHLY RAINFALL PROBABILITIESMonthMonth 50 per cent50 per cent 80 per cent80 per cent

JanuaryJanuary 3636 00FebruaryFebruary 7373 1616

MarchMarch 4545 77AprilApril 1515 00MayMay 3939 00JuneJune 170170 9393JulyJuly 485485 251251

AugustAugust 537537 390390SeptemberSeptember 140140 107107

OctoberOctober 22 00NovemberNovember 00 00DecemberDecember 2020 00

Kharif(May-Sep)Kharif(May-Sep) 14461446 12291229Rabi (Oct-Apr)Rabi (Oct-Apr) 257257 180180Annual(Jan-De)Annual(Jan-De) 17911791 13921392

MAXIMUM DAILY PROBABLE RAINFALLMAXIMUM DAILY PROBABLE RAINFALLReturn Period (Years)Return Period (Years) Probability (Per Probability (Per

cent)cent)Max prob.daily Max prob.daily rainfall (mm)rainfall (mm)

1.01011.0101 9999 56561.05261.0526 9595 78781.11111.1111 9090 91911.251.25 8080 110110

22 5050 15215255 2020 210210

1010 1010 2482482020 55 285*285*5050 22 333333100100 11 368368200200 0.500.50 403403500500 0.200.20 450450

10001000 0.100.10 48548520002000 0.050.05 52052050005000 0.020.02 5675671000010000 0.010.01 602602

SOIL MAP OF THE WATERSHEDSOIL MAP OF THE WATERSHED

LAND USE PATTERN OF LAND USE PATTERN OF WATERSHEDWATERSHED

Watershed characteristicsWatershed characteristics• Total geographical area is 517 haTotal geographical area is 517 ha• Pacchad Block of Sirmour DisttPacchad Block of Sirmour Distt• 7777°11°11΄́2222΄΄΄΄ to to 7777°12°12΄́4646΄΄΄΄ East East

longitudelongitude• 30°4230°42΄́4040΄΄΄΄ to 30°44 to 30°44΄́0505΄΄΄΄ North North

latitudelatitude• Mid Hill Sub-Humid Zone of H.P.Mid Hill Sub-Humid Zone of H.P.• Elevation 1350 m to 1600 m a.m.s.l.Elevation 1350 m to 1600 m a.m.s.l.• Sarahan watershed lies in catchment Sarahan watershed lies in catchment

area of Giri river which is tributary of area of Giri river which is tributary of Yamuna river.Yamuna river.

• Chir pine and ban oak are Chir pine and ban oak are predominant forest speciespredominant forest species..

Major ProblemsMajor Problems•Water scarcityWater scarcity

•Damage to crops by wild animalsDamage to crops by wild animals•Fodder scarcityFodder scarcity

• Insect & pest problems in cropsInsect & pest problems in crops•Lower productivity of agri cropsLower productivity of agri crops•Lower productivity, parasitic and Lower productivity, parasitic and

repeat breeding problems in repeat breeding problems in livestocklivestock

Construction cost of Construction cost of Silpaulin lined and Silpaulin lined and Cemented tanksCemented tanks

ParticularsParticulars Approx Cost /litre Approx Cost /litre (Rs)(Rs)

Silpaulin tanksSilpaulin tanks 0.500.50

Brick lined tanksBrick lined tanks 1.001.00RCC tanksRCC tanks 2.002.00

Table- 3: Comparative economics of irrigation potential created by Brick lined and R.C.C. tanks.

Type of tank

Size of tank Capacity(litres)

Cost(Rs)

Cost of stored water (Rs/ litre)

Average cost of stored water

(Rs/ litre

Length (m)

width (m)

depth (m)

1.Brick lined

15.2 6.2 2.7 2,55,000 2,82,000 1.10

1.00

1.Brick lined

12.2 6.1 2.6 1,94,000 1,90,000 0.98

1.Brick lined

10.0 8.2 1.8 1,48,000 1,36,000 0.92

1.R.C.C. 8.2 5.2 3.0 1,28,000 2,54,000 1.98

2.00

1.R.C.C. 7.5 4.4 2.0 66,000 1,16,000 1.761.R.C.C. 8.0 4.5 1.8 65,000 1,47,000 2.26

Table-4: Total water storage created and corresponding irrigation potential generated in the watershed.

Type of tanksNo. Capacity

(cubic meter)Irrigation potential (ha.)

Tomato Garlic

Silpaulin lined tanks 36 2618 13.56 13.56

Cemented pucca tanks 6 856 4.44 4.44

Roof-top water harvesting tanks

27 216 0.75 0.75

Total 69 3690 18.75 18.75

Table-5: Impact of rain water harvesting on cropping pattern.

CropsTotal area in the watershed (ha.)

Before project After project Change

Cereals

Wheat 21.38 18.25 -3.13

Maize 21.38 13.83 -7.55

Sub total 42.76 32.08 -10.68

Vegetables

Tomato 15.29 22.13 6.84

Capsicum 14.83 18.13 3.30

Garlic 2.46 6.63 4.17

Ginger 8.38 10.67 2.29

Others 0.08 2.24 2.16

Sub total 41.04 59.80 18.76

Total 83.80 91.88 8.08

Table-6: Distance of water sources from farmers fields.

Distance of water sourceNumber of farmers

Before Project After Project

< 1 Km 56 124

1-2 Km 61 0

> 2 Km 7 0

Average distance 1.53 Km 0.29 Km

Table-7: Impact of rain water harvesting on irrigation intensity in the watershed.

Number of irrigationNumber of farmers

Before Project After Project

< 1 109 0

2 15 5

3 0 6

4 0 107

> 4 0 6

Average irrigation intensity 0.57 3.94

Table-8: Comparison of different tanks on various parameters.

ParticularsSilpaulin

tanksBrick lined

tanksR.C.C. tanks

Roof- top water

harvesting tanks

Cost ( Rs. Per

litre)

Lowest (Rs. 0.50)

Higher ( Rs. 1.00)

Highest (Rs. 2.00)

Moderate ( Rs. 1.50)

Life span >15 years 10-15 years 10-15 years 10-15 yearsSafety Most safe Prone to

cracksProne to cracks

Prone to cracks

Water source

Runoff or perennial

water spring

Runoff + Perennial

water spring

Runoff + Perennial

water spring

Runoff

Ownership Single Joint Joint Single

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