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1 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
System Design
I&O Manual
Aspects to consider
Planning an infra-red system
2 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
All delegates have to receive the distributed signals without disturbance. An Integrus receiver needs a minimum of 4 mW/m2 to work without errors.
(resulting in a 80 dB S/N ratio for the audio channels). Use enough radiators, placed at well planned positions, so that uniform IR-
radiation covers whole area.
Radiation requirements
3 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
The sensitivity of a receiver is at its best when it is aimed directly towards a radiator.
Rotating the receiver will decrease the sensitivity.
For rotations of less than +/- 45 degrees this effect is not large, but for larger rotations the sensitivity will decrease rapidly.
The sensitivity of the receiver
4 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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The footprint of a radiator
This is the floor area in which the direct signal is strong enough to ensure proper reception, when the receiver is directed towards the radiator.
The size and position of the footprint depends on the:
mounting height
mounting angle
number of transmitted carriers
5 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Radiator footprint = L x W
90 °90 °
Floor
0 50M20
0
45 °45 °
Floor
0 50M20
0
15 °15 °
Floor
0 50M20
0
6 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
The coverage area can be doubled by mounting two radiators side by side.
The output power of the radiator is constant, therefore the total radiation energy is divided over the number of transmitted carriers.
When more carriers are used, the coverage area gets smaller.
The footprint of a radiator
7 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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Total coverage area for 1 to 8 carriers
Carriers
8 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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Radiator coverage area
Polar diagram of the radiation pattern for 1, 2, 4 and 8 carriers
…..Meters
9 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
The Integrus system is immune for the effect of ambient lighting.
Fluorescent lamps (with or without electronic ballast or dimming facility), such as TL lamps or energy saving lamps give no problems.
Ambient Lighting
Sunlight and artificial lighting with incandescent or halogen lamps up to 1000 lux give no problems.
10 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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When lighting levels higher than 1000 lux of incandescent or halogen lamps, such as spotlights or stage lighting are applied, you should directly point a radiator at the receivers in order to ensure reliable transmission.
For venues containing large, unscreened windows, you must plan on using additional radiators.
For events taking place in the open air a site test will be required in order to determine the required amount of radiators. With sufficient radiators installed, the receivers will work without errors, even in bright sunlight.
Ambient Lighting
11 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
The presence of objects in a conference venue can influence the distribution of infra-red light.
The texture and colour of the objects, walls and ceilings also plays an important role.
Infra-red radiation is reflected from almost all surfaces. As is the case with visible light, smooth, bright or shiny surfaces reflect well.
Dark or rough surfaces absorb large proportions of the IR-signal.
Objects, surfaces and reflections
12 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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Receivers pick up direct path infra-red radiation Reflections improve the signal reception and should therefore not be
minimised.
Positioning the radiators
Combination of direct and reflected radiation
Combination of several reflected radiation
13 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Wrong positioning of the radiator
14 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Correctly positioning of the radiator
15 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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Positioning the radiators
Covering seats in a square arrangement
16 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Positioning the radiators
A conference hall with auditorium seating and podium
17 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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Positioning the radiators
Under balconies, you should cover the ‘shaded’ area with an additional radiator
18 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
When the footprints of two radiators partly overlap, the total coverage area can be larger than the sum of the two separate footprints.
Overlapping footprints and multipath effect
19 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
However, differences in the delays of the signals picked up by the receiver from two or more radiators can result in that the signals cancel each other out (multi path effect).
Overlapping footprints and multipath effect
In worst-case situations thiscan lead to a loss of reception at such positions (black spots).
20 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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Signal delays
The signals picked up by the receiver are delayed by:
the transmission from transmitter to radiator through the cable (cable signal delay)
the transmission from radiator to receiver through the air (radiation signal delay)
When a transmitter in master-mode is used in combination with a transmitter in slave-mode, an extra signal delay is added by:
Transmission from master transmitter to slave transmitter (cable signal delay)
Transmission through the slave transmitter.
The lower the carrier frequency, the less susceptible the receiver is for differences in signal delays.
The signal delays can be compensated by using the delay compensation switches on the radiators.
I&O Manual
21 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Cable signal delay example 1
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1 = 20m 0Radiator 2 = 27m 0
R 2
Tra
ns
mit
ter
Tra
ns
mit
ter
27m
R 1
Overlapping areawith Signal delaycaused Multipath(black spots) by use of differentcable lengths
Overlapping areawith Signal delaycaused Multipath(black spots) by use of differentcable lengths
7m
27m20m
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thesame cable lengths
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thesame cable lengths
Tra
ns
mit
ter
Tra
ns
mit
ter
R 1
27m 27m
R 27m
27m
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1 = 27m 0Radiator 2 = 27m 0
22 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1&3 = 20m 0Radiator 2&4 = 27m 0
Cable signal delay example 2
R 4 R 3
R 2 R 1
Tra
ns
mit
ter
Tra
ns
mit
ter
7m
7m
27m
27m20m
20m
Overlapping areawith Signal delaycaused Multipath(black spots) by use of differentcable lengths
Overlapping areawith Signal delaycaused Multipath(black spots) by use of differentcable lengths
R 4 R 3
R 2
27m
R 1
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thesame cable lengths
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thesame cable lengths
Tra
ns
mit
ter
Tra
ns
mit
ter
7m
7m
27m27m
27m
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1&3 = 27m 0Radiator 2&4 = 27m 0
23 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Cable signal delay example 3
R 4 R 3
R 2 R 1
7m
7m
20m
20m
Overlapping areawith Signal delaycaused Multipath(black spots) by use of differentcable lengths
Overlapping areawith Signal delaycaused Multipath(black spots) by use of differentcable lengths
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1&3 = 20m 1 Radiator 2&4 = 27m 0
R 4 R 3
R 2 R 1
Tra
ns
mit
ter
Tra
ns
mit
ter
7m
7m
20m
20mOverlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thedelay switches on the radiators
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thedelay switches on the radiators
Tra
ns
mit
ter
Tra
ns
mit
ter
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1&3 = 20m 0Radiator 2&4 = 27m 0
Calculation tool
24 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Cable signal delay differences
When radiators are loop-through connected, the cabling between each radiator and the transmitter should be as symmetrical as possible
The differences in cable signal delays can be compensated with the signal delay compensation switches on the radiators.
25 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Cable signal delay example 4
R 3 R 4
R 2
100m
R 1
TransmitterTransmitter
7m
7m100m100m
100m
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thesame cable lengths
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thesame cable lengths
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1 = 100m 0Radiator 2 = 100m 0Radiator 3 = 100m 0Radiator 4 = 100m 0
R 3 R 4
R 2 R 1
7m
7m
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1 = 20m 0 Radiator 2 = 27m 0Radiator 3 = 87m 0Radiator 4 = 94m 0
TransmitterTransmitter20m60m
Overlapping areas with Signal delaycaused Multipath (black spots) byuse of differentcable lengths
Overlapping areas with Signal delaycaused Multipath (black spots) byuse of differentcable lengths
26 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
R 3 R 4
R 2
20m
R 1
TransmitterTransmitter
7m
7m60m
Cable lengths . Delay switch position
Radiator 1 = 20m 0Radiator 2 = 27m 0Radiator 3 = 87m 0Radiator 4 = 94m 0
Cable signal delay example 5
Delay switch positions
Cable lengths . Delay switch position Radiator 1 = 20m 11Radiator 2 = 27m 10Radiator 3 = 87m 1Radiator 4 = 94m 0
R 3 R 4
R 2
20m
R 1
TransmitterTransmitter
7m
7m60m
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thedelay switches on the radiators
Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thedelay switches on the radiators
Overlapping areas with Signal delaycaused Multipath (black spots) byuse of differentcable lengths
Overlapping areas with Signal delaycaused Multipath (black spots) byuse of differentcable lengths
Calculation tool
27 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Planning an infra-red system
General guidelines
Surface the area that has to be covered with infra-red signals.
Use the correct footprints, therefore the following information must be known:
the ambient lighting conditions
the number of carriers that will be used
the radiator's output power, full or half power operation
the mounting place, height and angle of the radiators
the receiver position in relation to the radiator
Extra radiators may be needed when:
participants must also be able to receive infra-red signals when 'walking around‘.
delegates seated on a podium
listeners on the Balconies
28 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Planning an infra-red system
Determining the optimal number of infra-red radiators required to give 100% coverage can normally only be done by performing a site test. However, a good estimation can be made by using ‘guaranteed rectangular footprints’.
Figure 1.20 Figure 1.21
Figure 1.20 and figure 1.21 show what is meant by a rectangular footprint. As can be seen, the rectangular footprint is smaller than the total footprint. Note that in figure 1.21 the ‘offset’ X is negative because the radiator is actually mounted beyond the horizontal point at which the rectangular footprint starts.
FP Calculation
29 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
High power Radiator coverage area
LBB4512/00 with 1 Carrier in use, Mounting height 0 m, Angle 0o
FP Calculation
Footprint Calculation
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
X [m]
Y [
m]
RFPRFP
X= 9,5 M
L = 48 M
W = 27 M
RFP = 1296 M2
TFP = 2026 M2
X= 9,5 M
L = 48 M
W = 27 M
RFP = 1296 M2
TFP = 2026 M2
TFPTFPLL
WW
XX
30 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
High power Radiator coverage area
FP Calculation
Footprint Calculation
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
X [m]
Y [
m]
RFPRFP
X= -10 M
L = 20 M
W = 20 M
RFP = 400 M²
TFP = 617 M²
X= -10 M
L = 20 M
W = 20 M
RFP = 400 M²
TFP = 617 M²
TFPTFP
LBB4512/00 with 1 Carrier in use, Mounting height 10 m, Angle 90o
XXLL
ww
31 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Planning an infra-red system
The guaranteed rectangular footprints for various number of carriers.
I&O Manual
32 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
Planning an infra-red system
For systems with up to 4 carriers and overlapping areas the distance between the radiators can be increased by a factor 1.4
1.4 W
L
W
1.4L
33 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
1. Determine the positioning of the radiators
2. Look up (in the table) or calculate (with the footprint calculation program) the applicable rectangular footprints
3. Draw the rectangular footprints in the lay-out of the room.
4. If the receiver can pick up the signal of two radiators in some areas, determine the overlap effect and draw the footprint enlargement(s) in the lay-out of the room
5. For larger systems and systems with more than 4 carriers, use the Ease-infra-red simulation program for optimising further the overlap effect and at the same time taking into account the multi path effect
Planning the infra-red radiators
FP Calculation
34 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
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TransmitterTransmitter
In order to minimize the risk of black spots, use equal cable length from transmitter to radiator if possible.
Planning the radiator cabling
35 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
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Symmetrical arrangement of radiator cabling (recommended)
TransmitterTransmitter
Planning the radiator cabling
36 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
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Asymmetrical arrangement of radiator cabling (to be avoided)
TransmitterTransmitter
Planning the radiator cabling
37 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of
disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.
Security Systems
System Design
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