ST/SEU-CO | | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying.

1 Integrus Tech SDST/SEU-CO | |03.Mar.06 © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of

disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Security Systems

System Design

I&O Manual

Aspects to consider

Planning an infra-red system



Security Systems

All delegates have to receive the distributed signals without disturbance. An Integrus receiver needs a minimum of 4 mW/m2 to work without errors.

(resulting in a 80 dB S/N ratio for the audio channels). Use enough radiators, placed at well planned positions, so that uniform IR-

radiation covers whole area.

Radiation requirements



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The sensitivity of a receiver is at its best when it is aimed directly towards a radiator.

Rotating the receiver will decrease the sensitivity.

For rotations of less than +/- 45 degrees this effect is not large, but for larger rotations the sensitivity will decrease rapidly.

The sensitivity of the receiver



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The footprint of a radiator

This is the floor area in which the direct signal is strong enough to ensure proper reception, when the receiver is directed towards the radiator.

The size and position of the footprint depends on the:

mounting height

mounting angle

number of transmitted carriers



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Radiator footprint = L x W

90 °90 °

Floor

0 50M20

0

45 °45 °

Floor

0 50M20

0

15 °15 °

Floor

0 50M20

0



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The coverage area can be doubled by mounting two radiators side by side.

The output power of the radiator is constant, therefore the total radiation energy is divided over the number of transmitted carriers.

When more carriers are used, the coverage area gets smaller.

The footprint of a radiator



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Total coverage area for 1 to 8 carriers

Carriers



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Radiator coverage area

Polar diagram of the radiation pattern for 1, 2, 4 and 8 carriers

…..Meters



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The Integrus system is immune for the effect of ambient lighting.

Fluorescent lamps (with or without electronic ballast or dimming facility), such as TL lamps or energy saving lamps give no problems.

Ambient Lighting

Sunlight and artificial lighting with incandescent or halogen lamps up to 1000 lux give no problems.



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When lighting levels higher than 1000 lux of incandescent or halogen lamps, such as spotlights or stage lighting are applied, you should directly point a radiator at the receivers in order to ensure reliable transmission.

For venues containing large, unscreened windows, you must plan on using additional radiators.

For events taking place in the open air a site test will be required in order to determine the required amount of radiators. With sufficient radiators installed, the receivers will work without errors, even in bright sunlight.

Ambient Lighting



Security Systems

The presence of objects in a conference venue can influence the distribution of infra-red light.

The texture and colour of the objects, walls and ceilings also plays an important role.

Infra-red radiation is reflected from almost all surfaces. As is the case with visible light, smooth, bright or shiny surfaces reflect well.

Dark or rough surfaces absorb large proportions of the IR-signal.

Objects, surfaces and reflections



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Receivers pick up direct path infra-red radiation Reflections improve the signal reception and should therefore not be

minimised.

Positioning the radiators

Combination of direct and reflected radiation

Combination of several reflected radiation



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Wrong positioning of the radiator



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Correctly positioning of the radiator



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Covering seats in a square arrangement



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A conference hall with auditorium seating and podium



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Under balconies, you should cover the ‘shaded’ area with an additional radiator



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When the footprints of two radiators partly overlap, the total coverage area can be larger than the sum of the two separate footprints.

Overlapping footprints and multipath effect



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However, differences in the delays of the signals picked up by the receiver from two or more radiators can result in that the signals cancel each other out (multi path effect).

Overlapping footprints and multipath effect

In worst-case situations thiscan lead to a loss of reception at such positions (black spots).



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Signal delays

The signals picked up by the receiver are delayed by:

the transmission from transmitter to radiator through the cable (cable signal delay)

the transmission from radiator to receiver through the air (radiation signal delay)

When a transmitter in master-mode is used in combination with a transmitter in slave-mode, an extra signal delay is added by:

Transmission from master transmitter to slave transmitter (cable signal delay)

Transmission through the slave transmitter.

The lower the carrier frequency, the less susceptible the receiver is for differences in signal delays.

The signal delays can be compensated by using the delay compensation switches on the radiators.

I&O Manual



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Cable signal delay example 1

Cable lengths . Delay switch position

Radiator 1 = 20m 0Radiator 2 = 27m 0

R 2

Tra

ns

mit

ter

Tra

ns

mit

ter

27m

R 1

Overlapping areawith Signal delaycaused Multipath(black spots) by use of differentcable lengths


7m

27m20m

Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thesame cable lengths


Tra

ns

mit

ter

Tra

ns

mit

ter

R 1

27m 27m

R 27m

27m


Radiator 1 = 27m 0Radiator 2 = 27m 0



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Radiator 1&3 = 20m 0Radiator 2&4 = 27m 0


R 4 R 3

R 2 R 1

Tra

ns

mit

ter

Tra

ns

mit

ter

7m

7m

27m

27m20m

20m



R 4 R 3

R 2

27m

R 1



Tra

ns

mit

ter

Tra

ns

mit

ter

7m

7m

27m27m

27m





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R 4 R 3

R 2 R 1

7m

7m

20m

20m




Radiator 1&3 = 20m 1 Radiator 2&4 = 27m 0

R 4 R 3

R 2 R 1

Tra

ns

mit

ter

Tra

ns

mit

ter

7m

7m

20m

20mOverlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thedelay switches on the radiators

Overlappingareas withoutSignal delayby use of thedelay switches on the radiators

Tra

ns

mit

ter

Tra

ns

mit

ter



Calculation tool



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Cable signal delay differences

When radiators are loop-through connected, the cabling between each radiator and the transmitter should be as symmetrical as possible

The differences in cable signal delays can be compensated with the signal delay compensation switches on the radiators.



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R 3 R 4

R 2

100m

R 1

TransmitterTransmitter

7m

7m100m100m

100m




Radiator 1 = 100m 0Radiator 2 = 100m 0Radiator 3 = 100m 0Radiator 4 = 100m 0

R 3 R 4

R 2 R 1

7m

7m


Radiator 1 = 20m 0 Radiator 2 = 27m 0Radiator 3 = 87m 0Radiator 4 = 94m 0

TransmitterTransmitter20m60m

Overlapping areas with Signal delaycaused Multipath (black spots) byuse of differentcable lengths




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R 3 R 4

R 2

20m

R 1


7m

7m60m


Radiator 1 = 20m 0Radiator 2 = 27m 0Radiator 3 = 87m 0Radiator 4 = 94m 0


Delay switch positions

Cable lengths . Delay switch position Radiator 1 = 20m 11Radiator 2 = 27m 10Radiator 3 = 87m 1Radiator 4 = 94m 0

R 3 R 4

R 2

20m

R 1


7m

7m60m





Calculation tool



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General guidelines

Surface the area that has to be covered with infra-red signals.

Use the correct footprints, therefore the following information must be known:

the ambient lighting conditions

the number of carriers that will be used

the radiator's output power, full or half power operation

the mounting place, height and angle of the radiators

the receiver position in relation to the radiator

Extra radiators may be needed when:

participants must also be able to receive infra-red signals when 'walking around‘.

delegates seated on a podium

listeners on the Balconies



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Determining the optimal number of infra-red radiators required to give 100% coverage can normally only be done by performing a site test. However, a good estimation can be made by using ‘guaranteed rectangular footprints’.

Figure 1.20 Figure 1.21

Figure 1.20 and figure 1.21 show what is meant by a rectangular footprint. As can be seen, the rectangular footprint is smaller than the total footprint. Note that in figure 1.21 the ‘offset’ X is negative because the radiator is actually mounted beyond the horizontal point at which the rectangular footprint starts.

FP Calculation



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High power Radiator coverage area

LBB4512/00 with 1 Carrier in use, Mounting height 0 m, Angle 0o

FP Calculation

Footprint Calculation

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

X [m]

Y [

m]

RFPRFP

X= 9,5 M

L = 48 M

W = 27 M

RFP = 1296 M2

TFP = 2026 M2

X= 9,5 M

L = 48 M

W = 27 M

RFP = 1296 M2

TFP = 2026 M2

TFPTFPLL

WW

XX



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High power Radiator coverage area

FP Calculation

Footprint Calculation

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

X [m]

Y [

m]

RFPRFP

X= -10 M

L = 20 M

W = 20 M

RFP = 400 M²

TFP = 617 M²

X= -10 M

L = 20 M

W = 20 M

RFP = 400 M²

TFP = 617 M²

TFPTFP

LBB4512/00 with 1 Carrier in use, Mounting height 10 m, Angle 90o

XXLL

ww



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The guaranteed rectangular footprints for various number of carriers.

I&O Manual



Security Systems


For systems with up to 4 carriers and overlapping areas the distance between the radiators can be increased by a factor 1.4

1.4 W

L

W

1.4L



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1. Determine the positioning of the radiators

2. Look up (in the table) or calculate (with the footprint calculation program) the applicable rectangular footprints

3. Draw the rectangular footprints in the lay-out of the room.

4. If the receiver can pick up the signal of two radiators in some areas, determine the overlap effect and draw the footprint enlargement(s) in the lay-out of the room

5. For larger systems and systems with more than 4 carriers, use the Ease-infra-red simulation program for optimising further the overlap effect and at the same time taking into account the multi path effect

Planning the infra-red radiators

FP Calculation



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In order to minimize the risk of black spots, use equal cable length from transmitter to radiator if possible.

Planning the radiator cabling



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Symmetrical arrangement of radiator cabling (recommended)





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Asymmetrical arrangement of radiator cabling (to be avoided)





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System Design

End of section

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