Statistical units for coastal accounts Andrus Meiner, EEA EEA expert workshop, 12 May 2011.
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Statistical units for coastal accountsStatistical units for coastal accounts
Andrus Meiner, EEA
EEA expert workshop, 12 May 2011
Coastal Zone
Off-shore area
Catchments
Tourism
Marine energy
Aggregate materials
ICZM / Marine Spatial Planning Marine
ecosystems
Maritimetransport
Fisheries
Human dimension
Aquaculture
Land basedpollution
Natura2000 at sea
Marine Protected
Areas
Coastal accounts and ecosystem Coastal accounts and ecosystem appraochappraoch
Coasts as human ecosystems: Europe’s coasts are result of interaction of human and natural processes
• Natural systems– River basins and coastal waters– Coastal sediment systems (cells)– Marine (sub)regions– Coastal ecosystems (broad scale types)
• Human systems– Coastal regions (statistical units)– Governance (coastal management plans)– Developement and resource use (economic sectors)
Ecosystem approach in accounting Ecosystem approach in accounting practicepractice
• Data availability
– Spatial data coverage to populate coastal units across sea/land interface
– Sufficient and balanced represenation of human and natural coastal processes
• Policy relevancy
– Spatial management units use ecosystem-based approach – Policy concepts and related reporting data flows
• Methodology used for accounting
– Spatial accounting units (data model) is adequately representing the reality
– Sound assumptions for models and frameworks for data ingtegration
Spatially explicit accounting for Spatially explicit accounting for ecological value and pressures ecological value and pressures
Modular approach
• expand from change in physical stocks to ecosystem functions and services
• broaden spatial extent from land to coastal waters and to the sea (TW, EEZ and High seas)
Land accounting in 10 km coastal zoneLand accounting in 10 km coastal zone
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
Artificial Areas ArableLand
Pastures Forested Land
Semi-natural OpenSpaces
Wetlands Water bodiesNet land cover change within the 0-10 km coastal zone 2000-2006 (preliminary results based on 15 MS)
Proposal step 1Proposal step 1Starting with known e.g. coastal landStarting with known e.g. coastal land
• Basic ingredients for delineation
• Coastal catchments to address ecosystems integrity
• Dominant landscape types for broad-scale ecosystems
• Elevation zones to address vulnerability
• Keep in mind the need to assimilate data on
• human population density
• status of key habitat types
• socio-economic drivers
• governance perspective – coastal management units
Coastal waters and EEZCoastal waters and EEZSource: BIOMES - Marine Ecosystem Services, JRC/IES, contact Camino LiqueteSource: BIOMES - Marine Ecosystem Services, JRC/IES, contact Camino Liquete
Proposal step 2 Proposal step 2 ... continue to include the sea... continue to include the sea
• Starting point: coastal accounting units on land
– Add coastal waters (e.g. WFD water bodies)
• Towards marine accounts– Add marine compartments / sub-regions– Use broad-scale seabed habitat types
Territorial water lim
it (4-12 nm)
Territorial water lim
it (4-12 nm)
EEZ limit
EEZ limit
baseline limit
baseline limit
Territorial watersTerritorial waters
Member States Member States sovereignty or sovereignty or
jurisdiction watersjurisdiction waters
Inner watersInner waters
High seasHigh seas(UN Conventions)(UN Conventions)
Marine Marine (sub)regions(sub)regions
1 nautical mile limit (W
FD)
1 nautical mile limit (W
FD)
River basins, inland and River basins, inland and coastal water bodies, coastal water bodies,
GENERAL applicability GENERAL applicability of EU policy for of EU policy for
delineation of coastal delineation of coastal spatial units spatial units
Coastal zone Coastal zone management management
unitsunits
Coastal habitats and Coastal habitats and speciesspecies
Maritime economy, Maritime economy, including fishingincluding fishing
Sub-basins Sub-basins and coastal and coastal waterswaters
Coastal water Coastal water typestypes
Norway Norway example: example: Nature Value Nature Value Index Index frameworkframework
Source: Certain et al., 2011
Annex – examples of coastal unitsAnnex – examples of coastal units
Socio-economic dataEUROSTAT Coastal regions of EU Sea basins
Source: Eurostat, GISCO
Relative size of sea basin catchments
Water legislationEU Water Framework Directive: River basin districts include a stretch of coastal water
River catchmentsRiver catchmentsCoastal catchments and lower courses of large basinsCoastal catchments and lower courses of large basins
Seabed landscapesSeabed landscapesBroad-scale seabed habitat maps (EMODnet / EUSeaMap) Broad-scale seabed habitat maps (EMODnet / EUSeaMap)
Source: www.jncc.gov.uk/EUSeaMapSource: www.jncc.gov.uk/EUSeaMap
Coastal water qualityCoastal water qualityAlgal biomass distributions (GMES/MARCOAST MERIS data)
Coastal unit?Coastal unit?
Coastal ecosystemsCoastal ecosystemsEU Habitats directive, status of coastal habitat typesEU Habitats directive, status of coastal habitat types
Coastal habitat type Overall conservation status per biogeographical regionGreen – favourableOrange – unfavourable-inadequateRed – unfavourable-badGrey – unknown
Baltic Atlantic Macaronesian Mediterranean
Boreal Continental
Sandbanks slightly covered by sea water all the time
Data not available
Large shallow inlets and bays Data not available
Coastal lagoons
Mudflats and sand flats not covered by seawater by low tide
Estuaries Not occurring Data not available
Reefs
Boreal Baltic islets and small islands Not occurring Not occurring Not occurring
Posidonia beds Not occurring Not occurring Not occurring
Atlantic salt meadows Not occurring
Source: EEA/ETC-BD, Habitats directive Art 17 data base
Lower limit of Lower limit of PosidoniaPosidonia
Range of 0.84 – 1.08% Range of 0.84 – 1.08% surface light reaching the surface light reaching the
seabed to describe seabed to describe infralittoral zoneinfralittoral zone
Source: EUSeaMap projectSource: EUSeaMap project
Zones of high riskZones of high riskElevation above sea level: coastal lowland Elevation above sea level: coastal lowland
European population below 5 m elevation and inside 1 km coastal zone
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
130000
1 23 45 67 89 111 133 155 177 199 221 243 265 287 309 331 353 375 397
NUTS3 regions
po
pu
lati
on
Mapping vulnerability
Decision: Areas with flooding risk in Estonia, March 2007Decision: Areas with flooding risk in Estonia, March 2007
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