States of Matter

Notes: States of Matter

CW: Matter: A Graphic Organizer

H: States of Matter

States of States of MatterMatter

November 4, 2008November 4, 2008

ObjectivesObjectives1. Distinguish between four states of

matter

2. Explain the kinetic theory of matter

3. Recognize energy as the reason for phase changes

Physical PropertyPhysical Property• Characteristic that distinguishes one

type of matter from another type

• Can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

• Ex: mass, weight, volume, density, color, shape, hardness, texture, phase of matter

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes• A new substance is NOT formed• Change in color, size, shape, phase

of matter, etc.– Cutting paper– Freezing water– Melting butter– Squeezing lemons– Mixing Kool-aid powder with water

FOUR STATES OF MATTERFOUR STATES OF MATTER

Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement

Based upon energy of particles

Based upon distance between particles

Kinetic Theory of MatterKinetic Theory of Matter

Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

SOLIDSSOLIDS

Particles are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.

Have a definite shape and a definite volume.

Types of SolidsTypes of Solids

Amorphous

Crystalline

Crystalline SolidsCrystalline Solids

• arranged in repeating geometric patterns called crystals

• salt, sugar

Amorphous solidsAmorphous solids• molecules are arranged in a random

manner

• can lose their shape under certain conditions

• Tar, candle wax, glass

LIQUIDLIQUID Particles are tightly

packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.

Have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

GASGAS Particles of gases

are very far apart and move freely.

Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

PLASMAPLASMA Very good conductor

of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.

Have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. A plasma is an

ionized gas.

Some places where plasmas are Some places where plasmas are found…found…

FlamesFlames

LightningLightning

Aurora (Northern Lights)Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

EnergyEnergy determines the state!determines the state!

STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

Tightly packed, in a regular pattern

Vibrate, but do not move from place

to place

Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move

about, and slide past each other

Well separated with no regular arrangement.

Vibrate and move freely at high

speeds

Has no definite volume or shape and is composed

of electrical charged particles