Spring 2007 ITHES 569 Dr. Counts “Overview of NON-print Media” Delanna Reed Matt Jordan Jeff Beard.
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Spring 2007
ITHES 569Dr. Counts
“Overview of NON-print Media”
Delanna Reed
Matt JordanJeff Beard
Continuous evolution of non-print multimedia
“All media are extensions of some
human faculty- psychic or physical.
The wheel
…is an extension of the foot.
The book
is an extension of the eye…
clothing, an extension of the
skin…
electric circuitry,
an extension of the central nervous
system.”
-Marshall McLuhan, The Medium is the Massage
The Process
The Process
What is media?
The Process
What is media? Is it communication?
The Process
What is nonprint media?
The Process
What is nonprint media? Are we counting person to person verbal and
nonverbal communication?
The Process
What is nonprint media? Are we counting person to person verbal and
nonverbal communication? No, we’re not really including that…
The Process
Before we limit our scope further, let’s ask… What is technology?
The Process
Before we limit our scope further, let’s ask… What is technology?
Is it necessarily progressive or evolutionary?
The Process
Is an imaginative solution a technology?
The Process
Is an imaginative solution a technology? What about a creative solution for
communicating?
The Process
Is an imaginative solution a technology? What about a creative solution for
communicating? What about a creative expression such as
dance?
The Process
What is the difference between dance and say… a computer?
The Process
What is the difference between dance and say… a computer?
The computer is a THING. It is external to your body. It is an additional physical extension of your body.
The Process
When we’re talking about multi-media, does it only include what we typically consider scientific inventions and technologies? Or can it include other things as well?
The Process
When we’re talking about multi-media, does it only include what we typically consider scientific inventions and technologies? Or can it include other things as well?
Perhaps for this assignment we are just looking at nonprint media which involve the use of physical objects outside of the human body... Which would not include:
Storytelling, Folklore, Theatre, and Epic poems…
Music and song…
Ceremony, Ritual, and Dance…
What makes humans want to create new ways of communicating and carrying messages?
Let’s Start with Art
Cave Paintings
Language
“ ”
Painting to Pictographs to Language to Writing…
Icons, Symbols, Logos…
Sign language?
Back to traditional forms of art…
Painting, illustration,
Sculpture…
Basketry, Pottery…
Decorative Arts
Architecture
Fashion, Uniforms, Jewelry
Family Crests and Shields…
Flags…
“I have a diver down; keep well clear at slow speed.”
“TRUCE”
and…
Flags
On to a few more specific and interesting communication innovations…
Drum Messaging
Incan Quipu
Smoke Signals
Beacons
Heliographs
Fiery Cross
Stained Glass
Homing Pigeons
Wheel of Fortune: Media Inventions Explode!
Auditory
Visual
Audio-Visual
Developments in Auditory Media
1. Telegraph
2. Telephone
4. Microphone
3. Phonograph
5. Radio
1. The Telegraph Puts the Pony Express out of Business!
1837: Samuel Morse debuts the telegraph – the first widely used electronic form of communication
2. The Telephone Outstrips the Telegraph!
1876: Alexander Graham Bell Makes the first phone call.
3. The Phonograph brings music home. 1877 – Thomas Edison
cuts the first recording on his new invention: “Mary had a Little Lamb.”
1906 – Victor Talking Machine Co. introduces the Vitrola.
1929 - RCA buys the company and its Little Nipper dog, too.
4. The Microphone debuts!
1878 – Inventors in the U.S. and Germany invent the microphone.
Mid-1920s - the development of the condenser microphone and the electronic vacuum tube amplifier paved the way for sound on film recording.
The Radio: Who Really Invented it?
Heinrich Hertz? (Hertz – unit of radio waves frequency)
A dentist named Mahlon Loomis for wireless telegraphy
Nikola Tesla? Guglielmo Marconi?
The Man With the Best PR Wins!
Irish-Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi is commonly credited for inventing radio in 1895.
Marconi patented the invention in England and set up the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company.
Next, he sold the idea to the marine industry — which made him very rich.
Radio Transmissions Go Abroad
Reginald Fessenden invented the audion tube – vacuum tube that amplified signals
Lee De Forest took the credit Fessenden transmitted first radio program
from Massachusetts in 1906 Ship radio operators had a Twilight Zone
experience at sea – heard music instead of morse code
Titanic Sinks! 800 survive April 12, 1912 –
Titanic sends SOS David Sarnoff, radio
operator, received signal & contacted nearby ships to help
1930 – 1950 Golden Age of Radio
Over 22 million American homes had radios in 1935
Automobiles sold with radio (extra charge)
News, radio drama & music broadcast
Radio Broadcasts News Coast-to-Coast
1937 - Herbert Morrison broadcasts news of German zeppelin Hindenburg explosion over New Jersey
The War of the Worlds
1938 – Orson Wells adapts H.G. Wells book for radio
Aired Halloween night Simulated news
coverage Widespread panic
ensued
Edward R. Murrow – reports WWII
Reported Luftwaffe’s bombing of London
Reports horrors of concentration camps
Sets standard for broadcast journalism
Developments in Visual Media1. Camera 2. Silent Film
The Daguerreotype – first photo 1837 - Louis
Daguerre invents the daguerreotype; the first practical form of photographic reproduction.
Kodak camera: "You press the button, we do the rest.”
1888 – George Eastman introduces the Kodak
cameraand film.
1900 – Eastman brings the Brownie, a one dollar camera, to kids.
The Polaroid Instant Camera Edwin Land invents the
camera with the Instant Photo.
The stereoscope 1851 - Sir
David Brewster exhibits the Stereoscope at the Crystal Palace – much to Queen Victoria’s delight.
View Master – first displayed at the 1939 New York World’s Fair. This 3-dimensional
picture viewer can still be found in households today – Dora the Explorer!
Silent Film – Started on a Bet!
1877 – Rapid photo sequence of a horse running looked like a running horse!
Illusion of Motion:The Phi PhenomenonPersistence of Vision
Edison’s Kinetoscope – one person at a
time
1893 – Edison’s Kinetoscope is unveiled At the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences
35MM Film size is standardized –
movie making begins!
1895 - Louis & Auguste Lumiere make first film.
1902 – Georges Melies pioneers stop motion, split screens and the dissolve.
1903 – Edwin Porter releases first narrative film – “The Great Train Robbery.” Crosscutting between different narrative sequences, different camera positions and distances are all introduced.
Animation Develops 1914 – “Gertie the Dinosaur” by
Winsor McCay 10,300 drawings 1915 - Max Fleischer creates
animation with rotoscoping; tracing live action film (Betty Boop, Popeye, Superman)
1917 – First professional Japanese anime, “The Story of the Concierge”
Charlie Chaplin – Comedian of Silent screen
1925 - “The Gold Rush,” Chaplin’s best film
First made $150/wk. By 1917 made more than one million/yr.
Brought social issues to public attention
Returned to England for 20 years because of McCarthy Witch Hunts
Developments in Audio-Visual Media
1. Talkies2. Television
Talking Movies Develop 1889 – Dickson exhibits
Kinetophonograph to Edison; synchronized sound from a phonograph to images from a Kinetoscope. Never developed.
1919, American inventor Lee De Forest began to develop to the first sound-on-film technology with commercial application.
1923, at New York City's Rivoli Theater, came the first commercial screening of motion pictures with sound-on-film, the future standard: a set of shorts under the banner of De Forest Phonofilms.
First Talkie: “The Jazz Singer” 1927 - the first film to feature
spoken dialogue. Debuted in New York City, by underdog studio, Warner Bros.
A box office success, this opened the door to all the movie studios building sound studios and producing “talkies.”
Steamboat Willie Walt Disney debuts this
short cartoon starring Mickey Mouse.
First cartoon with synchronized sound
Disney wrote the soundtrack with Carl Stalling, future Warner Brothers composer.
Disney, 26 years old, sold his car to finance soundtrack
First Color Film
1932 – Color film technology arrived. Until this time, artists hand painted
individual frames. Disney short, “Flowers and Trees”
was first to have real color. A few years later, “Snow White and
the Seven Dwarfs” was the first feature-length animated film, costing $2.25 million.
Golden Age of Hollywood
1930 – 1950 – studio years. MGM, 20th Century Fox, RKO, Warner Brothers, Paramount, Universal and Columbia ruled.
Created elaborate sound stages and back lot movie sets
Factory system of turning out films
Landmark Films1938 – “Psycho” by Alfred Hitchcock,
British director. Other suspense and mystery classics of his: North by Northwest, Vertigo, The Birds, 39 Steps, Suspicion
1939 – “Gone With the Wind” by David O. Selznick. First time color process was
expertly used1941 – Citizen Kane by Orson Welles.
Blends various media. Box office flop later acclaimed greatest film of all time
Television is Born
1927 – Philo Farnsworth transmits first electronic TV picture Farnsworth developed the basic
element of a TV camera – a dissector tube.
1939 – RCA officially debuted TV in the U.S. by telecasting parts of 1939 New York World’s Fair & speech by President Franklin Roosevelt.
Major League Baseball telecast 1932 – Brooklyn
Dodgers take on Cincinnati Reds at Ebbets Field.
Due to use of a single, stationary camera, viewers can only see action around home plate.
Network TV Starts and Stops 1941 – NBC and CBS launch
commercial stations in NYC. 1942 – CBS launches 15 hours of
weekly programming, including two 15 minute newscasts, Monday through Friday
World War II put television on hold
1952 – VHF band channels are joined by UHF, expanding channels to 82.
Color Television
1940’s – CBS developed mechanical approach to color TV.
Used a large color wheel driven by a motor. The apparatus sat in front of the TV set and the viewer looked through the rotating sections to the TV picture behind it.
The Korean War put color TV on hold
1953 - RCA develops electronic color – no squeaky wheels
Audio
Phonograph…
…first “sound writer”
1833- Charles Babbage 1st Automatic Digital Computer
Contained basic components of a modern computer
1800s version1991 version
Computer age begins and life…
…,especially multimedia, will never be the same!
From 1970s to 2000s, Computers evolve rapidly
Portability is popular from the beginning…
…but becomes a way of life in 2000s
Ability to transfer information…
…begins with BIG, but small
1969
1952
1965
And evolves to smaller…
…but larger ? ?
5 1/4-inch: 1.2MB
3 1/2-inch: 1.4MB
CD: 650-700MB
DVD: 4.7GB
64MB - 4GB 64GB
1977 Apple II is 1st PC to use COLOR graphics
6 colors 15 shades of hue
Video Game Graphics
1977 Text based, 6 colors
1982 Low resolution
1987 Commodore 64 colors
19923D, low-poly, no textures
19973D, high-poly, textures
2004High resolution
Days of digital
Camera evolution
Adobe Photoshop 1987-NOW
Photo editing
Photo editing for work or play
MacroMind to Macromedia 1984-2005
Video editing
Tools for interactive educational software
Internet begins 1969
Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANET
Internet evolves
Internet usage by country
March 2006 Approximately 1,023 million world wide
CIA factbook
Education Websites
Global Classrooms
Online distance learning
Learning rather than memorizing by…
…creating multiple learning pathways
Multimedia in education
Interactivity?
Is interactivity when one activates a device OR is it when information interacts with the mind resulting in action?
Interactivity or Interface?
Will we control the future ?
Or will the future control us ?
“The printed book added much to the
new cult of individualism.
The privated, fixed point of view
became possible and…
Literacy conferred the power of
detachment, non-involvement.
The new electronic interdependence
recreates the world…
In the image of a global village…”
-Marshall McLuhan, The Medium is the Massage
Delanna ReedMatt Jordan Jeff Beard
Spring 2007
ITHES 569Dr. Counts
“Overview of NON-print Media”
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