Spring 2007 ITHES 569 Dr. Counts “Overview of NON-print Media” Delanna Reed Matt Jordan Jeff Beard.

Spring 2007

ITHES 569Dr. Counts

“Overview of NON-print Media”

Delanna Reed

Matt JordanJeff Beard

Continuous evolution of non-print multimedia

“All media are extensions of some

human faculty- psychic or physical.

The wheel

…is an extension of the foot.

The book

is an extension of the eye…

clothing, an extension of the

skin…

electric circuitry,

an extension of the central nervous

system.”

-Marshall McLuhan, The Medium is the Massage

The Process

The Process

What is media?

The Process

What is media? Is it communication?

The Process

What is nonprint media?

The Process

What is nonprint media? Are we counting person to person verbal and

nonverbal communication?

The Process

What is nonprint media? Are we counting person to person verbal and

nonverbal communication? No, we’re not really including that…

The Process

Before we limit our scope further, let’s ask… What is technology?

The Process

Before we limit our scope further, let’s ask… What is technology?

Is it necessarily progressive or evolutionary?

The Process

Is an imaginative solution a technology?

The Process

Is an imaginative solution a technology? What about a creative solution for

communicating?

The Process

Is an imaginative solution a technology? What about a creative solution for

communicating? What about a creative expression such as

dance?

The Process

What is the difference between dance and say… a computer?

The Process

What is the difference between dance and say… a computer?

The computer is a THING. It is external to your body. It is an additional physical extension of your body.

The Process

When we’re talking about multi-media, does it only include what we typically consider scientific inventions and technologies? Or can it include other things as well?

The Process

When we’re talking about multi-media, does it only include what we typically consider scientific inventions and technologies? Or can it include other things as well?

Perhaps for this assignment we are just looking at nonprint media which involve the use of physical objects outside of the human body... Which would not include:

Storytelling, Folklore, Theatre, and Epic poems…

Music and song…

Ceremony, Ritual, and Dance…

What makes humans want to create new ways of communicating and carrying messages?

Let’s Start with Art

Cave Paintings

Language

“ ”

Painting to Pictographs to Language to Writing…

Icons, Symbols, Logos…

Sign language?

Back to traditional forms of art…

Painting, illustration,

Sculpture…

Basketry, Pottery…

Decorative Arts

Architecture

Fashion, Uniforms, Jewelry

Family Crests and Shields…

Flags…

“I have a diver down; keep well clear at slow speed.”

“TRUCE”

and…

Flags

On to a few more specific and interesting communication innovations…

Drum Messaging

Incan Quipu

Smoke Signals

Beacons

Heliographs

Fiery Cross

Stained Glass

Homing Pigeons

Wheel of Fortune: Media Inventions Explode!

Auditory

Visual

Audio-Visual

Developments in Auditory Media

1. Telegraph

2. Telephone

4. Microphone

3. Phonograph

5. Radio

1. The Telegraph Puts the Pony Express out of Business!

1837: Samuel Morse debuts the telegraph – the first widely used electronic form of communication

2. The Telephone Outstrips the Telegraph!

1876: Alexander Graham Bell Makes the first phone call.

3. The Phonograph brings music home. 1877 – Thomas Edison

cuts the first recording on his new invention: “Mary had a Little Lamb.”

1906 – Victor Talking Machine Co. introduces the Vitrola.

1929 - RCA buys the company and its Little Nipper dog, too.

4. The Microphone debuts!

1878 – Inventors in the U.S. and Germany invent the microphone.

Mid-1920s - the development of the condenser microphone and the electronic vacuum tube amplifier paved the way for sound on film recording.

The Radio: Who Really Invented it?

Heinrich Hertz? (Hertz – unit of radio waves frequency)

A dentist named Mahlon Loomis for wireless telegraphy

Nikola Tesla? Guglielmo Marconi?

The Man With the Best PR Wins!

Irish-Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi is commonly credited for inventing radio in 1895.  

Marconi patented the invention in England and set up the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company.

Next, he sold the idea to the marine industry — which made him very rich.

Radio Transmissions Go Abroad

Reginald Fessenden invented the audion tube – vacuum tube that amplified signals

Lee De Forest took the credit Fessenden transmitted first radio program

from Massachusetts in 1906 Ship radio operators had a Twilight Zone

experience at sea – heard music instead of morse code

Titanic Sinks! 800 survive April 12, 1912 –

Titanic sends SOS David Sarnoff, radio

operator, received signal & contacted nearby ships to help

1930 – 1950 Golden Age of Radio

Over 22 million American homes had radios in 1935

Automobiles sold with radio (extra charge)

News, radio drama & music broadcast

Radio Broadcasts News Coast-to-Coast

1937 - Herbert Morrison broadcasts news of German zeppelin Hindenburg explosion over New Jersey

The War of the Worlds

1938 – Orson Wells adapts H.G. Wells book for radio

Aired Halloween night Simulated news

coverage Widespread panic

ensued

Edward R. Murrow – reports WWII

Reported Luftwaffe’s bombing of London

Reports horrors of concentration camps

Sets standard for broadcast journalism

Developments in Visual Media1. Camera 2. Silent Film

The Daguerreotype – first photo 1837 - Louis

Daguerre invents the daguerreotype; the first practical form of photographic reproduction.

Kodak camera: "You press the button, we do the rest.”

1888 – George Eastman introduces the Kodak

cameraand film.

1900 – Eastman brings the Brownie, a one dollar camera, to kids.

The Polaroid Instant Camera Edwin Land invents the

camera with the Instant Photo.

The stereoscope 1851 - Sir

David Brewster exhibits the Stereoscope at the Crystal Palace – much to Queen Victoria’s delight.

View Master – first displayed at the 1939 New York World’s Fair. This 3-dimensional

picture viewer can still be found in households today – Dora the Explorer!

Silent Film – Started on a Bet!

1877 – Rapid photo sequence of a horse running looked like a running horse!

Illusion of Motion:The Phi PhenomenonPersistence of Vision

Edison’s Kinetoscope – one person at a

time

1893 – Edison’s Kinetoscope is unveiled At the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences

35MM Film size is standardized –

movie making begins!

1895 - Louis & Auguste Lumiere make first film.

1902 – Georges Melies pioneers stop motion, split screens and the dissolve.

1903 – Edwin Porter releases first narrative film – “The Great Train Robbery.” Crosscutting between different narrative sequences, different camera positions and distances are all introduced.

Animation Develops 1914 – “Gertie the Dinosaur” by

Winsor McCay 10,300 drawings 1915 - Max Fleischer creates

animation with rotoscoping; tracing live action film (Betty Boop, Popeye, Superman)

1917 – First professional Japanese anime, “The Story of the Concierge”

Charlie Chaplin – Comedian of Silent screen

1925 - “The Gold Rush,” Chaplin’s best film

First made $150/wk. By 1917 made more than one million/yr.

Brought social issues to public attention

Returned to England for 20 years because of McCarthy Witch Hunts

Developments in Audio-Visual Media

1. Talkies2. Television

Talking Movies Develop 1889 – Dickson exhibits

Kinetophonograph to Edison; synchronized sound from a phonograph to images from a Kinetoscope. Never developed.

1919, American inventor Lee De Forest began to develop to the first sound-on-film technology with commercial application.

1923, at New York City's Rivoli Theater, came the first commercial screening of motion pictures with sound-on-film, the future standard: a set of shorts under the banner of De Forest Phonofilms.

First Talkie: “The Jazz Singer” 1927 - the first film to feature

spoken dialogue. Debuted in New York City, by underdog studio, Warner Bros.

A box office success, this opened the door to all the movie studios building sound studios and producing “talkies.”

Steamboat Willie Walt Disney debuts this

short cartoon starring Mickey Mouse.

First cartoon with synchronized sound

Disney wrote the soundtrack with Carl Stalling, future Warner Brothers composer.

Disney, 26 years old, sold his car to finance soundtrack

First Color Film

1932 – Color film technology arrived. Until this time, artists hand painted

individual frames. Disney short, “Flowers and Trees”

was first to have real color. A few years later, “Snow White and

the Seven Dwarfs” was the first feature-length animated film, costing $2.25 million.

Golden Age of Hollywood

1930 – 1950 – studio years. MGM, 20th Century Fox, RKO, Warner Brothers, Paramount, Universal and Columbia ruled.

Created elaborate sound stages and back lot movie sets

Factory system of turning out films

Landmark Films1938 – “Psycho” by Alfred Hitchcock,

British director. Other suspense and mystery classics of his: North by Northwest, Vertigo, The Birds, 39 Steps, Suspicion

1939 – “Gone With the Wind” by David O. Selznick. First time color process was

expertly used1941 – Citizen Kane by Orson Welles.

Blends various media. Box office flop later acclaimed greatest film of all time

Television is Born

1927 – Philo Farnsworth transmits first electronic TV picture Farnsworth developed the basic

element of a TV camera – a dissector tube.

1939 – RCA officially debuted TV in the U.S. by telecasting parts of 1939 New York World’s Fair & speech by President Franklin Roosevelt.

Major League Baseball telecast 1932 – Brooklyn

Dodgers take on Cincinnati Reds at Ebbets Field.

Due to use of a single, stationary camera, viewers can only see action around home plate.

Network TV Starts and Stops 1941 – NBC and CBS launch

commercial stations in NYC. 1942 – CBS launches 15 hours of

weekly programming, including two 15 minute newscasts, Monday through Friday

World War II put television on hold

1952 – VHF band channels are joined by UHF, expanding channels to 82.

Color Television

1940’s – CBS developed mechanical approach to color TV.

Used a large color wheel driven by a motor. The apparatus sat in front of the TV set and the viewer looked through the rotating sections to the TV picture behind it.

The Korean War put color TV on hold

1953 - RCA develops electronic color – no squeaky wheels

Audio

Phonograph…

…first “sound writer”

1833- Charles Babbage 1st Automatic Digital Computer

Contained basic components of a modern computer

1800s version1991 version

Computer age begins and life…

…,especially multimedia, will never be the same!

From 1970s to 2000s, Computers evolve rapidly

Portability is popular from the beginning…

…but becomes a way of life in 2000s

Ability to transfer information…

…begins with BIG, but small

1969

1952

1965

And evolves to smaller…

…but larger ? ?

5 1/4-inch: 1.2MB

3 1/2-inch: 1.4MB

CD: 650-700MB

DVD: 4.7GB

64MB - 4GB 64GB

1977 Apple II is 1st PC to use COLOR graphics

6 colors 15 shades of hue

Video Game Graphics

1977 Text based, 6 colors

1982 Low resolution

1987 Commodore 64 colors

19923D, low-poly, no textures

19973D, high-poly, textures

2004High resolution

Days of digital

Camera evolution

Adobe Photoshop 1987-NOW

Photo editing

Photo editing for work or play

MacroMind to Macromedia 1984-2005

Video editing

Tools for interactive educational software

Internet begins 1969

Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANET

Internet evolves

Internet usage by country

March 2006 Approximately 1,023 million world wide

CIA factbook

Education Websites

Global Classrooms

Online distance learning

Learning rather than memorizing by…

…creating multiple learning pathways

Multimedia in education

Interactivity?

Is interactivity when one activates a device OR is it when information interacts with the mind resulting in action?

Interactivity or Interface?

Will we control the future ?

Or will the future control us ?

“The printed book added much to the

new cult of individualism.

The privated, fixed point of view

became possible and…

Literacy conferred the power of

detachment, non-involvement.

The new electronic interdependence

recreates the world…

In the image of a global village…”

-Marshall McLuhan, The Medium is the Massage

Delanna ReedMatt Jordan Jeff Beard

Spring 2007

ITHES 569Dr. Counts

“Overview of NON-print Media”