Socio-demographic factors associated with entry into motherhood by out-of-school, single, 15-24 year old girls in Mukuru Slums, Nairobi

Abstract: Socio-demographic factors associated with entry into motherhood by out-of-school, single, 15-24

year old girls in Mukuru Slums, Nairobi

Presenter: Julius Nguku 1

1 HOPE worldwide Kenya2University of Nairobi

Co-authors: Nganga, Robert1;

Wheeler, Malinda1; Katunge, Catherine1;

Gathogo, Janet1

Mule,Francis1

Ngugi, Elizabeth2

Presentation outline

• Introduction: HOPE worldwide Kenya, BIG• Methods• Results• Conclusion • Recommendation

• Registered under NGO Coordination Act in 1999

• Initial efforts focused on HIV prevention through sports programs in Mukuru Slums in Nairobi.

• Vision-’Empowered Healthy Communities’

• Mission-HWWK is a Faith-based Organization working with under-served communities to improve their quality of life through responsive and innovative health programming, service delivery and capacity building in Kenya and Eastern Africa.

Introduction: HOPE worldwide Kenya

• The project is funded by Global Challenges Canada (G.C.C) through its Stars in Global Health program.

• The bold ideas funded integrate science/technology, social and business innovation-referring this as Integrated Innovation.

• It focusses on its innovator-defined challenges through its Stars in Global Health program

• The B.I.G project is targeting 504 out-of-school girls aged 15-24 years living in Mukuru Slums.

Introduction: Bold Idea for Girls (BIG) Project

• Located in the south-end of Nairobi city• Mukuru is among the youngest

low income urban dwelling• Five identifiable villages and

communities within• It is a melting pot of religious and

ethnic groups• Estimated population of 504,000

people*• Thirty four percent of the

population in Mukuru falls within the 15-24 years age bracket*

*Partnerships for an HIV free Generation, 2008

Location of Mukuru Slums In Nairobi, Kenya

Sister Walks

·Gender +HIV Program ·Life-skills·Midterm Evaluation

Sister Walks

·Gender +HIV Program ·Life-skills·Midterm Evaluation

4 Mukuru Villages·Mobilization·Awareness of BIG·Enrolment ·Baseline Survey

4 Mukuru Villages·Mobilization·Awareness of BIG·Enrolment ·Baseline Survey

Vocational Skills training·Hair dressing and Beauty·Computer Application Skills ·Fashion and Design ·End-term evaluation

Vocational Skills training·Hair dressing and Beauty·Computer Application Skills ·Fashion and Design ·End-term evaluation

Graduation

·Job placement ·Reaching out to peers ·Program scale-up

BIG project Design

• One of the challenges found among adolescent girls in Nairobi’s informal settlements is the high rate of premarital motherhood (Beguy, Donatien; 2013).

• This paper looks at the socio-demographic factors associated with entry into motherhood by out-of-school, unmarried girls aged 15-24 years in Mukuru Slums, Nairobi.

• Data is drawn from the baseline survey for the one-year project.

Introduction: Abstract

Two-tailed t-test for 5%H0: Proportion of girls 15-20 years old who are pregnant in Mukuru is the same as the national (p=p0=0.145)Ha: Proportion of girls under 20 years old who are pregnant in Mukuru is not the same as the national (p≠0.145)

npp

ppt

)ˆ1(ˆ

ˆ 0*

t*= 0.240-0.145 = 5.277 SQRT (0.24(1-0.24/523)

Decision: Since 5.277 > 1.96 (t-statistic for 0.025) we reject the H0 and deduce that the proportion of girls under 20 years’ old girls who are pregnant in Mukuru is not the same as the national.

Comparing the proportion of 15-20 year old girls who have initiated motherhood nationally and in Mukuru

• In November 2013, 523 15-24 year old girls were enrolled

• To provide baseline information, socio-demographic data was collected from the girls and reported as proportions.

• A regression model was used to determine any socio-demographic differences between the single girls who have initiated motherhood and those who had not.

Method

Results

Total

523

Not entered into motherhood

291 (72.4%)

Single

402 (76%)

entered into motherhood

111 (27.6%)

Married

121 (24%)

 Initiated Motherhood

Not initiated     Total

Age group     OR (95% CI) p-value  

15-17 13 (11%) 103 reverent -  116

18-20 38 (20%) 1492.02

(1.03-3.98) p=0.04 187

21-22 27 (50%) 277.92

(3.61-7.39) p<0.0001 54

23-24 33 (73%) 1221.79

(9.06-2.38) p<0.0001 45

  111 291     402

Age of the single girls

15-17

18-20

21-22

23-24

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

11%

20%

50%

73%

Percentage of the single girls who have initiated motherhood

by age-grp

Village of residence of the single girls

 Initiated Motherhood

Not initiated     Total

 village     OR p-value  

Reuben 41 (35%) 774.26

(1.21-4.99) p=0.02 118  

Lungalunga 38 (32%) 793.85

(1.09-3.58) p=0.04 117  

Njenga 29 (20%) 1132.05

(0.50-7.20) p=0.2 142

Kayaba 3 (12%) 24 reverent - 25  

  111 291     402  

Reuben

Lungalunga

Njenga

Kayaba

0% 5% 10%15%20%25%30%35%40%

35%

32%

20%

12%

Percentage of sing le g ir ls who had in iti ated motherhood by

v i l lage

 Initiated Motherhood Not initiated     Total  

Lives with     OR p-value    

Alone 24 (75%) 88.10

(3.28-19.98) p<0.0001 32

Parents/guardians 57 (24%) 182 0.846 p=0.5 239Others

(bro, sis, aunts etc) 30(23%) 91 reverent - 131  

  111 291     402  

Who the single girl lives with

Level of education of the single girls

 Initiated Motherhood

Not initiated     Total

Level of education     OR (95% C.I) p-value  

Not completed secondary education 88 (31%) 192

3.985 (1.539-.315) p=0.004 280

Completed secondary education 23 (19%) 99

reverent122

  111 291     402  

Entry to motherhood for out-of-school, single, 15-24 year old girls in Mukuru Slums seems to be associated with:• being older,• living in Reuben and Lunga lunga villages, • not having completed secondary school, • staying alone These factors should inform programs providing SRHR interventions to adolescent girls in Mukuru.

Conclusion and Recommendation

Acknowledgements• Co-authors• GCC