Transcript
SOC 204 Drugs & Society
Goldberg Chapter 9Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
(depressants)• Drugs that slow activity in the central nervous
system• Include prescription drugs
o To treat anxiety: sedativeso To treat insomnia: hypnotics
• Alcohol is the most widely used depressant• Benzodiazepines are the most widely prescribed
depressants
The nonmedical use of
controlled medications
by adolescents is
increasing.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
12%
88%
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
• Sedative-hypnotic drugs are central nervous system depressants that produce relaxing to sleep-inducing effects
• Three main types of sedative-hypnotic drugs:o Barbiturateso Nonbarbiturate sedativeso Minor tranquilizers
Classification• Classified based on potency and the length of
time they act:o Ultra-short-actingo Short-acting (less than 4 hours)o Intermediate-acting (4 to 6 hours)o Long-acting (more than 6 hours)
• Drugs that take effect rapidly have a higher abuse potential than slow-acting drugs
People who enter treatment for benzodiazepine abuse are likely to be older than people
who enter treatment for abuse of other illegal drugs.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
33%
67%
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
A. Increase energyB. Depress the CNSC. Are very quick-
actingD. Have little potential
for abuse
Increase
energy
Depress th
e CNS
Are very quick-acti
ng
Have little pote
ntial for ..
.
0% 0%0%
100%
Effects of Barbiturates• Produce a depressed, mood-altering action on the
central nervous system – act on GABA
• Slow activity of the cardiovascular, muscular and respiratory systems
• Can cause confusion, inadequate emotional control, slurred speech, poor judgment, and intoxication
Those who enter treatment for abuse of prescription drugs are
better educated than people abusing other kinds of drugs.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
29%
71%
Dangers• Tolerance• Lethal in combination with alcohol• Withdrawal severe, can be fatal
Medical Uses• Used primarily to treat
o Anxietyo Insomniao Convulsive disorders
• Short-acting barbiturates continue to be used for anesthetic purposes
Medical uses for barbiturates do NOT
include:A. Treating
depressionB. Reducing
anxietyC. Controlling
seizuresD. Inducing sleep
Treating d
epressi
on
Reducing an
xiety
Controllin
g seizu
res
Inducing sl
eep
89%
0%11%
0%
Non-barbiturate Sedatives
• Older drugs with similar actions to barbiturates• With the advent of safer drugs, rarely used now
Adolescent boys are more likely
to give medications to their
friends than adolescent girls.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
0%0%
Benzodiazepines• 1960 introduced chordiazepoxide (Librium)• 1970s introduced diazepam (Valium)• Dependence and overdose can occur
o Rarer than with barbiturateso More common in combination with alcohol
• Wider margin of safety and fewer side effects than barbiturates
• Used to treat anxiety
Hypnotics• Non-
benzodiazepines (Ambien, Lunesta, Sonata)
o Short-term treatment of insomnia
o Short half-lifeo Less dependency, less
tolerance, less carry-over
Doctors are more likely
to prescribe
barbiturates for sleep
now than they were 20
years ago.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
94%
6%
In comparison to barbiturates,
benzodiazepines A. Have more
severe side effects
B. Are not addictiveC. Do not cause
withdrawal symptoms
D. Have a wider safety margin
Have more
seve
re si
de ef...
Are not addicti
ve
Do not cause
with
drawal...
Have a wider s
afety margin
17%
83%
0%0%
Do you know someone who has had their drink spiked with GHB or
roofies?A. I think soB. I don’t think so
I think s
o
I don’t t
hink so
50%50%
Do you know someone who has drugged someone else by spiking their
drink?A. I think soB. I don’t think so
I think s
o
I don’t t
hink so
83%
17%
Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid
• Naturally occurring chemical found in brain and body
• Similar to GABA• Causes CNS depression• Has been used as an anesthetic• Considered a date-rape drug
o Along with Rohypnol and Ketamine
• GHB is listed on Schedule I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPtcU_8yvR4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwtBEkFXBjQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2udrpuNxcmM
When it is used in conjunction with
alcohol, the effects of Rohypnol can be
fatal.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
44%
56%
Inhalants
• High-dose exposure causes intoxication
• Examples:o Volatile solventso Aerosols, propellants, gaseso Anestheticso Nitrites
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3g99h4qaCio
Inhalants• Most abusers are very young• Abuse tends to occur as localized fads• Dangers:
o Kidney damageo Brain damageo Peripheral nerve damageo Irritation of respiratory tracto Severe headacheo Death by suffocation
The highest rate of inhalant use
by youths occurs among
Asians.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
60%
40%
More people die
from inhaling air
fresheners than from
inhaling gasoline.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
63%
38%
Nitrous oxide has been used as an
anesthetic by dentists.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
0%0%
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