SOC 204 Goldberg Ch 10

SOC 204 D

RUGS &

SOCIETY

CH

AP

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WHAT PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WITH A MENTAL ILLNESS SEEK PROFESSIONAL HELP FOR THEIR ILLNESS?

A.90%B.55%C.40%D.10%

90%55%

40%10%

16%20%

44%

20%

MENTAL DISORDERS

Medical Model

APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5)

DSM-V CRITERIA

B. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social,

occupational or other important areas of functioning.

C. The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a

drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., hypothyroidism).

Source: DSM-V, American Psychiatric Association

EARLY TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS

Syphilitic Infection

Early drug therapy

Insulin-shock therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy

Sedatives

ALTHOUGH THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-DEPRESSANT MEDICATIONS IS ONLY SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN PLACEBOS, MOST PATIENTS BELIEVED THEY ARE HELPED BY THESE MEDICATIONS.

A.TrueB.False

True

False

0%

100%

ANXIETY DISORDERS

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic disorder

Phobias

Other related disorders

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

ANXIETY VIDEOS

Panic Attack: http://digital.films.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=6788

OCD: http://digital.films.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=41357

MEDICATIONS FOR ANXIETY

Long-acting benzodiazepines

MOOD DISORDERS

Major Depression

Manic Episodes

Bipolar Disorder

MOOD DISORDER VIDEOS

Manic episode: http://youtu.be/p9hbXPVaOuk

Depressive episode: http://digital.films.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=41085#

BEFORE GIVING ANTIDEPRESSANTS TO CHILDREN:

A. The medications were tested for effectiveness

B. The medications were tested for safety

C. The medications were not tested on children

The medica

tions were

te...

The medica

tions were

te...

The medica

tions were

no...

8%

35%

58%

MEDICATIONS FOR MOOD DISORDERS

Antidepressants Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Tricyclic Antidepressants Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Electroconvulsive therapy (not medication)

Mood stabilizers

SCHIZOPHRENIA

Psychosis

Diagnostic Criteria

• Delusions

• Hallucinations

• Disorganized Speech

• Disorganized Behavior

• Negative Symptoms

THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN TAKING ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS HAS INCREASED IN THE US. IN EUROPE:

A. Rates have slightly increased as well

B. Rates have remained the same

C. Rates have decreasedD. Rates have increased

at an alarming rate, doubling the numbers

Rates h

ave slightly

incre

...

Rates h

ave remained th

e...

Rates h

ave decrease

d

Rates h

ave incre

ased at a

...

7% 7%

78%

7%

SCHIZOPHRENIA VIDEOS

Schizophrenia: http://digital.films.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=11024#

Schizophrenia: http://digital.films.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=42758

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWaFqw8XnpA

MEDICATIONS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA

Antipsychotics Tranquilizers, neuroleptics, antipsychotics Conventional (Before 1990s), Atypical (past 10 years) More effective than placebo Relapse when discontinued

SIDE EFFECTS

• Tardive dyskenesia

• Pseudoparkinsonism

DUAL DIAGNOSIS

• Two or more co-existing mental illnesses

• Common = substance abuse and a mental illness

• Major psychiatric disorders increase an individual’s risk for substance abuse

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG ABUSE

• 7 million Americans

• Unintentional poisoning deaths increased by 84% (1999-2004)

CONSEQUENCES

Number of people in mental hospitals declined

Outpatient community mental health programs were set up

Changes for psychiatrists

Civil rights issues re: hospitalization

May stop taking medication upon release

Unmedicated patients may not be able to care for themselves

More mentally ill persons are jailed each year than are admitted to state hospitals

1/3 of all homeless people have some form of mental illness