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Smart Grid Communication Systems.
11- November-2016 Sanjeev Rana
Flow Of The Presentation
2
• Role of Communications in Smart Grid
• Smart Grid Communication Architecture
• Smart Grid Communication Technologies
• Smart Grid Interoperability
• Smart Grid Communication @ TPDDL
Smart Grid…….a New Dimension to Electricity…..
3
The Smart Grid is a system of networked utility and consumer devices … through
technologies that ensure Secure, Reliable and Efficient ……Production, Delivery
and Consumption of energy
The Smart Grid will need to be implemented on three inter related layers
4
the difference …
5
Role of Communications in Smart Grid
6
• Communication technologies form the backbone of Smart Grid system.
• The efficiency and reliability of a Smart Grid immensely depends upon the choice of the ICTsand OTs adopted for various applications
SG
Communication
Applications
Battery Storage
Systems
In-Home Displays
to Meter
ADMS
DR signals from
utility centres to
meters
Connect/Disconnect
signal to meters
DER
Voltage regulators /
Field devices
communicate with
Control Centre
Electric Vehicles
Smart Grid Communication Architecture
7
Integrated Communications architecture
Home
Network
Meters &
Premise
Gateways
Access
Communication
AMI Mgmt
System
Home /CustomerNetwork
Local
Field
Comms
Neighborhood
AggregationT&D
Management
System
Monitoring,
DA
Utility
Wide
Comm.
Web
Acces
s
Back Haul
Communication
Back-Office
& Operational
SystemsExternal
Data Access
3rd Parties
Customers
Field Crew
Distribution Equipment
200kW Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
The power plant in
Santa Clara is rated
at 1.8 MW AC net
It contains more
than 4,000 cells
$2000-3000/kW
DG
T&D Equipment
Control & Monitoring Centers
Monitoring
SA, DA
Field
Workforce
Automation
PEV
Monitoring
AMI
WiFi, WiMax, PLC, RF
Mesh, GSM, CDMA
Zigbee,
Bluetooth,
HomePlug
Microwave,
SDH,MPLS,MPLS-
TP, CE
Internet,
HTTPS, VPNEthernet LAN
Smart Grid Communication Technologies
9
Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesIntroduction
10
“ Communication technologies can be broadly classified into two types: Wireless and
Wired “
Wired
• Uses micro-waves or radio-waves to
transmit information
Many network technologies can be used for communications in the transmission, distribution and
customer domains in the smart grid, but none of them suits all the applications and there is always a
best fit of a technology or a subset of technologies that may be chosen for a group of power system
applications, either operating in the same domain or having similar communication requirements
Wireless
• Requires a physical medium like cable
to transmit information
Wi-Fi
Low-cost chip sets -
inexpensive consumer
devices
Widespread use and
expertise
Low-cost application
development
Stable and mature
standards
Does not penetrate
cement buildings or
basements
Small coverage and
short distances limit wide
spread use
Security issues with
multiple networks
operating in same
locations
Could be used for
HANs, FANs ,V2G
Internet access,
Device to Device
communication
Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesWireless Communication
Technology Advantage DisadvantageApplication
Areas
Existing
Applications
11
Zigbee
Very low cost -
inexpensive consumer
devices
Low power consumption -
years of battery life
Self- organizing, secure,
and reliable mesh network;
Network can support a
large number of users;
Very short range
Does not penetrates
structures well
Low data rates
Small memory size
HANs for energy
management and
monitoring , V2G
Smoke and intruder
warning, Industrial
equipment control
Source: V. C. Gungor, D. Sahin, T. Kocak, S. Ergüt, C. Buccella, C. Cecati and G. P. Hancke, "Smart grid technologies: communication technologies and standards," Industrial informatics, IEEE transactions , pp. 529-539,
7 April 2011. and S. Elyengui, R. Bouhouch and T. Ezzedine, "The Enhancement of Communication Technologies and Networks for Smart Grid Applications," International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in
Computer Science (IJETTCS), pp. 107-115, 2013.
Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesWireless Communication
Technolo
gyAdvantage Disadvantage
Application
Areas
Existing
Applications
12
4G LTE
(Long
Term
Evolutio
n)
Low latency, high capacity
Fully integrated with 3GGP,
compatible with earlier
3GPP releases
Full mobility for enhanced
multimedia services
Low power consumption
Utility must rent the
infrastructure from a cellular
carrier for a monthly access fee
Utility does not own
infrastructure
Not readily available in many
markets
Equipment cost high
AMI Backhaul,
SCADA
Backhaul,
Demand
Response, FAN,
Video
Surveillance
Voice telephony,
Internet access,
Video
conferencing,
GPS,
Telemedicine, IP
telephony, 3D
television,
Telemetry
3G
Cellular
Expensive infrastructure
already widely deployed,
stable and mature
Well standardized
Cellular chipset very
inexpensive
Large selection of vendors
and service providers
Utility must rent the
infrastructure from a cellular
carrier for a monthly access fee
Utility does not own
infrastructure
Technology is in the transition
phase to LTE deployment
Public cellular networks not
sufficiently stable/secure for
mission critical/utility
applications
Not well-suited for large
data/high bandwidth
applications
AMI Backhaul,
Field Area
Network (FAN) ,
V2G
Voice telephony,
Internet access,
Video
conferencing,
GPS,
Telemedicine
Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesWireless Communication
Technolo
gyAdvantage Disadvantage
Application
Areas
Existing
Applications
13
Wireless
Mesh
Cost effective solution
Dynamic self-organization,
self-healing, self-configuration
Manageable and secure
connectivity (IPSec is inbuilt)
Can be used in the sub-GHz
range
Network capacity issues
Network fading and
interference problem
HANs for energy
management ,
AMI
Battlefield
surveillance, real-
time racing-car
telemetry, VoIP
WiMAX
Efficient backhaul of data –
aggregating 100’s access
points
QoS supports service
assurance
Battery-backup improves
reliability and security
Simple, scalable network
rollout and customer-
premises equipment (CPE)
attachment
Faster speeds than 3G
cellular
Tradeoff between higher bit
rates over longer distances
Asymmetrical up and down
link speeds
User shared bandwidth
Competing against future 4G
cellular
AMI Backhaul,
SCADA Backhaul,
Demand
Response, FAN,
Video Surveillance
, WAN
Internet access,
Middle-mile
backhaul for
cellular networks
Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesWireline Communication
Techn
ologyAdvantage Disadvantage
Application
Areas
Existing
Applications
14
Fiber
Very Long-distance
Ultra-high bandwidth
Robustness against
interference
High costs
Difficult to upgrade
Not suitable for metering applications
WAN Telephone
signals, Internet
communication,
Cable television
signals
PLC
Communication
infrastructure is already
established
Low costs
Separation from other
communication
networks.
Non-interoperable
High signal attenuation and Channel
distortion
Interference with electric appliances and
electromagnetic sources
High bit rates difficulties
Complex Routing
HAN/AMI ,
FAN
Broadband over
power lines, in-
vehicle network
communication
of data
DSL
Widespread availability,
Infrastructure already
established
Low cost
High bandwidth data
transmissions
Reliability and potential down time may not
be acceptable for mission critical
applications
Requires communications cables to be
installed and maintained, and thus, cannot
be implemented in rural areas due to the
high cost of installing
AMI , FAN Broadband
access
In smart grid, hybrid communications networks would become the norm and thus to avoid possible disruptions
of the grid system, a highly reliable, scalable, secure, robust and cost-effective integrated communications
monitoring infrastructure is needed.
Smart Grid Communication Considerations
15
Smart Grid Communication ConsiderationsKey Features
1616
Data Delivery
CriticalityNetwork LatencySecurity
Provide different
levels of data
delivery criticality
depending on the
needs of the
application
Criticality levels
based on data loss
Supports varied
latency requirements
messages
communicated
between various
points within the
smart grid
Secure information
storage and
transportation for
billing purposes and
grid control
Avoidance of cyber
attacks
1616
ScalabilityReliability
Scalability with the
integration of
advanced web
services, reliable
protocols with
advanced
functionalities
Facilitate operation
of power grid
Reliable for
successful and
timely exchange of
messages
Reliability affected
by time-
out/network/resourc
e failures
Next Gen Smart Grid Communication @ TPDDL
17
TPDDL Network Architecture
1*GigE Sub Ring 10 *GbE Core Ring
Scada Router
Enterprise Router
Scada Router
Enterprise Router
No Need of separate
connectivity towards
application Router –
service assigned
against reserve
bandwidth
If one chassis goes
down, traffic still
survive – routing of
data vial labels rather
than full IP address
Can cover mesh based
protection … enhanced
reliability
If one device goes
down , traffic still
survive - Dynamic
MPLS-TP provide
mesh based
protection
Can meet Tele-protection
requirements
3rd Path using
Microwave link
1+1 handoff to application
Router
• iNMS• Cyber Security• Interoperable
MPLS Router
MPLS Router
MPLS Router
MPLS Router
MPLS Router
MPLS Router
19
Grid and Distribution Traffic Aggregation-RF Canopy
20 © Nokia 2016
Services Implemented Over ICT Network
Service Name Service Type
Tele Protection Point to Point
Call Center - VOIP Point to Multipoint
Fire Alarm Point to Point
SCADA Point to Multipoint
ICCP Point to Multipoint
Enterprise Point to Multipoint
RF-MESH AMI & DA Point to Multipoint
Data Replication – Between DCs Point to Point
SCADA Database Replication Point to Point
Energy Metering & Solar Panel Point to Multipoint
Video Surveillance Point to Multipoint
21 © Nokia 2016
Critical IP/MPLS
communication network
Substation Substation
G.703C37.94
Circuitbreaker
Highvoltage
Protection relay
G.703C37.94
Node A Node B
Core label switching
Tele Protection Traffic Over IP/MPLS
Circuitbreaker
tele protection Pseudowire
Label switchedpath (LSP)
Protection relay
LOW LATENCY
LOW JITTER
SOLID SYNCHRONISATIONTELEPROTECTION COMMS
REQUIREMENTS FULLFILMENT BY
IP/MPLS TRANSPORT
22 © Nokia 2016
IP/MPLS Backbone to Support AMI & Other futuristic Smart Grid
Applications
Workforce
Meter/collector
Distribution
substation
Renewable
Fixed location
contractor WiFi
Switch/recloser
Automation
EV Operations centers,
data centers, other
devices in FAN, etc
Unified and secure data network to interconnect all distribution
applications
Platform for future IoT innovation
Low risk deployment and execution
Reliable eco system enabled by local/distributed computing
Preemption and prioritization for critical operational traffic
Thank you
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