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Smart Grid Communication Systems.

11- November-2016 Sanjeev Rana

Flow Of The Presentation

2

• Role of Communications in Smart Grid

• Smart Grid Communication Architecture

• Smart Grid Communication Technologies

• Smart Grid Interoperability

• Smart Grid Communication @ TPDDL

Smart Grid…….a New Dimension to Electricity…..

3

The Smart Grid is a system of networked utility and consumer devices … through

technologies that ensure Secure, Reliable and Efficient ……Production, Delivery

and Consumption of energy

The Smart Grid will need to be implemented on three inter related layers

4

the difference …

5

Role of Communications in Smart Grid

6

• Communication technologies form the backbone of Smart Grid system.

• The efficiency and reliability of a Smart Grid immensely depends upon the choice of the ICTsand OTs adopted for various applications

SG

Communication

Applications

Battery Storage

Systems

In-Home Displays

to Meter

ADMS

DR signals from

utility centres to

meters

Connect/Disconnect

signal to meters

DER

Voltage regulators /

Field devices

communicate with

Control Centre

Electric Vehicles

Smart Grid Communication Architecture

7

Integrated Communications architecture

Home

Network

Meters &

Premise

Gateways

Access

Communication

AMI Mgmt

System

Home /CustomerNetwork

Local

Field

Comms

Neighborhood

AggregationT&D

Management

System

Monitoring,

DA

Utility

Wide

Comm.

Web

Acces

s

Back Haul

Communication

Back-Office

& Operational

SystemsExternal

Data Access

3rd Parties

Customers

Field Crew

Distribution Equipment

200kW Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell

The power plant in

Santa Clara is rated

at 1.8 MW AC net

It contains more

than 4,000 cells

$2000-3000/kW

DG

T&D Equipment

Control & Monitoring Centers

Monitoring

SA, DA

Field

Workforce

Automation

PEV

Monitoring

AMI

WiFi, WiMax, PLC, RF

Mesh, GSM, CDMA

Zigbee,

Bluetooth,

HomePlug

Microwave,

SDH,MPLS,MPLS-

TP, CE

Internet,

HTTPS, VPNEthernet LAN

Smart Grid Communication Technologies

9

Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesIntroduction

10

“ Communication technologies can be broadly classified into two types: Wireless and

Wired “

Wired

• Uses micro-waves or radio-waves to

transmit information

Many network technologies can be used for communications in the transmission, distribution and

customer domains in the smart grid, but none of them suits all the applications and there is always a

best fit of a technology or a subset of technologies that may be chosen for a group of power system

applications, either operating in the same domain or having similar communication requirements

Wireless

• Requires a physical medium like cable

to transmit information

Wi-Fi

Low-cost chip sets -

inexpensive consumer

devices

Widespread use and

expertise

Low-cost application

development

Stable and mature

standards

Does not penetrate

cement buildings or

basements

Small coverage and

short distances limit wide

spread use

Security issues with

multiple networks

operating in same

locations

Could be used for

HANs, FANs ,V2G

Internet access,

Device to Device

communication

Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesWireless Communication

Technology Advantage DisadvantageApplication

Areas

Existing

Applications

11

Zigbee

Very low cost -

inexpensive consumer

devices

Low power consumption -

years of battery life

Self- organizing, secure,

and reliable mesh network;

Network can support a

large number of users;

Very short range

Does not penetrates

structures well

Low data rates

Small memory size

HANs for energy

management and

monitoring , V2G

Smoke and intruder

warning, Industrial

equipment control

Source: V. C. Gungor, D. Sahin, T. Kocak, S. Ergüt, C. Buccella, C. Cecati and G. P. Hancke, "Smart grid technologies: communication technologies and standards," Industrial informatics, IEEE transactions , pp. 529-539,

7 April 2011. and S. Elyengui, R. Bouhouch and T. Ezzedine, "The Enhancement of Communication Technologies and Networks for Smart Grid Applications," International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in

Computer Science (IJETTCS), pp. 107-115, 2013.

Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesWireless Communication

Technolo

gyAdvantage Disadvantage

Application

Areas

Existing

Applications

12

4G LTE

(Long

Term

Evolutio

n)

Low latency, high capacity

Fully integrated with 3GGP,

compatible with earlier

3GPP releases

Full mobility for enhanced

multimedia services

Low power consumption

Utility must rent the

infrastructure from a cellular

carrier for a monthly access fee

Utility does not own

infrastructure

Not readily available in many

markets

Equipment cost high

AMI Backhaul,

SCADA

Backhaul,

Demand

Response, FAN,

Video

Surveillance

Voice telephony,

Internet access,

Video

conferencing,

GPS,

Telemedicine, IP

telephony, 3D

television,

Telemetry

3G

Cellular

Expensive infrastructure

already widely deployed,

stable and mature

Well standardized

Cellular chipset very

inexpensive

Large selection of vendors

and service providers

Utility must rent the

infrastructure from a cellular

carrier for a monthly access fee

Utility does not own

infrastructure

Technology is in the transition

phase to LTE deployment

Public cellular networks not

sufficiently stable/secure for

mission critical/utility

applications

Not well-suited for large

data/high bandwidth

applications

AMI Backhaul,

Field Area

Network (FAN) ,

V2G

Voice telephony,

Internet access,

Video

conferencing,

GPS,

Telemedicine

Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesWireless Communication

Technolo

gyAdvantage Disadvantage

Application

Areas

Existing

Applications

13

Wireless

Mesh

Cost effective solution

Dynamic self-organization,

self-healing, self-configuration

Manageable and secure

connectivity (IPSec is inbuilt)

Can be used in the sub-GHz

range

Network capacity issues

Network fading and

interference problem

HANs for energy

management ,

AMI

Battlefield

surveillance, real-

time racing-car

telemetry, VoIP

WiMAX

Efficient backhaul of data –

aggregating 100’s access

points

QoS supports service

assurance

Battery-backup improves

reliability and security

Simple, scalable network

rollout and customer-

premises equipment (CPE)

attachment

Faster speeds than 3G

cellular

Tradeoff between higher bit

rates over longer distances

Asymmetrical up and down

link speeds

User shared bandwidth

Competing against future 4G

cellular

AMI Backhaul,

SCADA Backhaul,

Demand

Response, FAN,

Video Surveillance

, WAN

Internet access,

Middle-mile

backhaul for

cellular networks

Smart Grid Communication TechnologiesWireline Communication

Techn

ologyAdvantage Disadvantage

Application

Areas

Existing

Applications

14

Fiber

Very Long-distance

Ultra-high bandwidth

Robustness against

interference

High costs

Difficult to upgrade

Not suitable for metering applications

WAN Telephone

signals, Internet

communication,

Cable television

signals

PLC

Communication

infrastructure is already

established

Low costs

Separation from other

communication

networks.

Non-interoperable

High signal attenuation and Channel

distortion

Interference with electric appliances and

electromagnetic sources

High bit rates difficulties

Complex Routing

HAN/AMI ,

FAN

Broadband over

power lines, in-

vehicle network

communication

of data

DSL

Widespread availability,

Infrastructure already

established

Low cost

High bandwidth data

transmissions

Reliability and potential down time may not

be acceptable for mission critical

applications

Requires communications cables to be

installed and maintained, and thus, cannot

be implemented in rural areas due to the

high cost of installing

AMI , FAN Broadband

access

In smart grid, hybrid communications networks would become the norm and thus to avoid possible disruptions

of the grid system, a highly reliable, scalable, secure, robust and cost-effective integrated communications

monitoring infrastructure is needed.

Smart Grid Communication Considerations

15

Smart Grid Communication ConsiderationsKey Features

1616

Data Delivery

CriticalityNetwork LatencySecurity

Provide different

levels of data

delivery criticality

depending on the

needs of the

application

Criticality levels

based on data loss

Supports varied

latency requirements

messages

communicated

between various

points within the

smart grid

Secure information

storage and

transportation for

billing purposes and

grid control

Avoidance of cyber

attacks

1616

ScalabilityReliability

Scalability with the

integration of

advanced web

services, reliable

protocols with

advanced

functionalities

Facilitate operation

of power grid

Reliable for

successful and

timely exchange of

messages

Reliability affected

by time-

out/network/resourc

e failures

Next Gen Smart Grid Communication @ TPDDL

17

TPDDL Network Architecture

1*GigE Sub Ring 10 *GbE Core Ring

Scada Router

Enterprise Router

Scada Router

Enterprise Router

No Need of separate

connectivity towards

application Router –

service assigned

against reserve

bandwidth

If one chassis goes

down, traffic still

survive – routing of

data vial labels rather

than full IP address

Can cover mesh based

protection … enhanced

reliability

If one device goes

down , traffic still

survive - Dynamic

MPLS-TP provide

mesh based

protection

Can meet Tele-protection

requirements

3rd Path using

Microwave link

1+1 handoff to application

Router

• iNMS• Cyber Security• Interoperable

MPLS Router

MPLS Router

MPLS Router

MPLS Router

MPLS Router

MPLS Router

19

Grid and Distribution Traffic Aggregation-RF Canopy

20 © Nokia 2016

Services Implemented Over ICT Network

Service Name Service Type

Tele Protection Point to Point

Call Center - VOIP Point to Multipoint

Fire Alarm Point to Point

SCADA Point to Multipoint

ICCP Point to Multipoint

Enterprise Point to Multipoint

RF-MESH AMI & DA Point to Multipoint

Data Replication – Between DCs Point to Point

SCADA Database Replication Point to Point

Energy Metering & Solar Panel Point to Multipoint

Video Surveillance Point to Multipoint

21 © Nokia 2016

Critical IP/MPLS

communication network

Substation Substation

G.703C37.94

Circuitbreaker

Highvoltage

Protection relay

G.703C37.94

Node A Node B

Core label switching

Tele Protection Traffic Over IP/MPLS

Circuitbreaker

tele protection Pseudowire

Label switchedpath (LSP)

Protection relay

LOW LATENCY

LOW JITTER

SOLID SYNCHRONISATIONTELEPROTECTION COMMS

REQUIREMENTS FULLFILMENT BY

IP/MPLS TRANSPORT

22 © Nokia 2016

IP/MPLS Backbone to Support AMI & Other futuristic Smart Grid

Applications

Workforce

Meter/collector

Distribution

substation

Renewable

Fixed location

contractor WiFi

Switch/recloser

Automation

EV Operations centers,

data centers, other

devices in FAN, etc

Unified and secure data network to interconnect all distribution

applications

Platform for future IoT innovation

Low risk deployment and execution

Reliable eco system enabled by local/distributed computing

Preemption and prioritization for critical operational traffic

Thank you