Smart Grid Applications in Europe - Integrating Renewables onto Islands. Given at the DAFNI SmartGrids - Smart Islands - Smart Mobility. Perspectives For Smart Energy. Athens, 15-16

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Smart Grid Applications in Europe

Integrating Renewables onto Islands

DAFNI Conference, Athens

16th May 2014

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Agenda

Introduction

Case Study 1 – The Orkney Isles

Case Study 2 – The Shetland Isles

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Introduction

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Integrating Renewables on Islands

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

When is an Island not an Island?

• Two types of islands or groups of islands:– Electrically interconnected

– Electrically islanded

Orkney Isles

Shetland Isles

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Case Study 1 – The Orkney Isles

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

The Problem

– Group of interconnected islands with interconnection to

the mainland.

– Link to the mainland is via 2 subsea cables each with 20

MW capacity.

– Existing demand and generation:

o Demand 6-31 MW

o Firm generation 26MW

o Inter-tripped (non-firm) generation 20MW

‒ Continued request for new connections with two

upgrade options:– Additional 33 kV subsea cable (~£30m)

– New 132 kV cable (~£100m)

‒ But, who pays?

Orkney Smart Grid

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Managing a Constraint

To rest of network….

12 MVA

Bus 1 Bus 2

FG15 MVA

?

3-12 MVA

No available capacity

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Managing a Constraint

Bus 1 Bus 2

To rest of network….

12 MVA

FG0-15 MVAReal-time export

NFG0-9 MVA

3-12 MVA

ANM

p, q, v, i

p, q, v, i

SCADA

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Handling Multiple Generators

– Identify critical constraint locations

– Constraint boundary creates a new

control zone

– Each generator linked to one or

more control zones

– Priority stack or merit order of

generators based on Last In First

Off

– Modelling of estimated energy

export or curtailment critical for

financing of the development

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Key Technical Requirements

1. Autonomous

2. Guaranteed and predictable operation

3. Guaranteed delivery of contractual commitments

4. Safe

5. Easy to integrate devices and systems

6. Easy to plan

7. Minimises curtailment

8. Scalable

9. Extensible

10.Easy to live with

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

System Design

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The System at Work

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Generator output

NNFG IDSize

[MW]Production Factor after

CurtailmentCarbon emissions reduction

[tCO2]

1 0.9 37.06% 1,537

2 2.3 47.70% 5,056

4 4.5 45.35% 9,404

5 0.9 37.22% 1,543

6 0.9 40.08% 1,662

7 0.9 40.77% 1,691

9 0.9 31.76% 1,317

10 0.9 34.03% 1,411

TOTAL 13.1 36.04% 23,621

Wind farms are still achieving high capacity factors, delivering benefit in terms

of quicker and cheaper connections and a corresponding reduction in CO2

emissions

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Orkney Smart Grid - Results

20 Generators and 8 constraint locations deployed

Connected 24.4 MW new renewable generation capacity to 33 kV grid

previously considered to be full

103% of electricity demand met by renewables in 2013 with >40% ANM

enabled

Led to £25 million investment in community wind turbines and private

sector-sponsored initiatives

Led to £4m per annum of additional revenue delivered into the local

economy e.g. new island ferry services

Saved at least £30million

No projects would have went ahead without ANM

Lessons learned include planning for and mitigating the effects of other policy initiatives, technology improvements and the requirement for ongoing stakeholder engagement.

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

On Orkney

More information including live

status available at:

http://anm.ssepd.co.uk/

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Case Study 2 – The Shetland Isles

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Shetland Isles

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

The Problem

An electrical island with no mainland interconnection

Population ~23,000

Demand 11 – 47 MW

Diesel generation at Lerwick Power Station (50+ MW)

BUT reaching end of life and requires replacing

Back-up and frequency response from Sullom Voe Oil Terminal

BUT mainly there to serve local load and cannot be guaranteed for the long term

Issues:

Sudden change in wind conditions or a fault can cause frequency problems

Existing heating scheme controlled by radio teleswitch (crude but allows some balancing)

Local constraints when feeding power to Lerwick

Without the Sullom Voe Terminal the network is very difficult to balance

Demand for more renewables

The Electrical Island

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Domestic demand management (Target of 750 homes)– Storage heaters ~7kW load each with stepped gradient

– Hot water tank with 30 degrees C variable load

– Each home represents ~60 kWh of thermal energy storage.

– Target of 6 MW and 45 MWh of demand

1 MW advanced lead acid battery

4 MW electric boiler and hot water storage tank providing 130 MWh of stored energy for a district heating scheme

Wind farms and micro-turbines ranging from kWsto MWs which will have their output restricted if necessary due to stability, power flow or voltage constraints.

New Devices

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

ANM Functions

Forecasting of network constraints based on load and generation forecasts

System balancing by calculating day ahead schedules for all controlled devices with an objective of maximising renewable contribution

Real time balancing to calculate and issue override signals to respond to unforeseen events, changes in conditions and short term variations

Management of system stability to identify configurations that may result in unacceptable oscillatory behaviour and set operating limits, including frequency response characteristics

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

System Design

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

NINES Update

Expected outcome:

10 MW of renewable capacity can be connected to the existing system

3.7MW to 12-15MW

CO2 emissions reduction by ~6,500 tCO2e per annum

Reduction in planned size of replacement power station

Significant financial benefit to the local community

Annual payment for providing demand response services

Targeted at fuel poor homes

Status:

ANM commissioned and generator connections accepted

Communications solution being commissioned

Controlled devices agreeing funding, in procurement or being commissioned

© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.

Thank you

Alan Gooding

Commercial Director and Co founder

agooding@smartergridsolutions.com

+44 (0)141 568 4310

www.smartergridsolutions.com