© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved. Smart Grid Applications in Europe Integrating Renewables onto Islands DAFNI Conference, Athens 16 th May 2014 © 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Jun 24, 2015
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Smart Grid Applications in Europe
Integrating Renewables onto Islands
DAFNI Conference, Athens
16th May 2014
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Agenda
Introduction
Case Study 1 – The Orkney Isles
Case Study 2 – The Shetland Isles
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Introduction
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Integrating Renewables on Islands
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
When is an Island not an Island?
• Two types of islands or groups of islands:– Electrically interconnected
– Electrically islanded
Orkney Isles
Shetland Isles
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Case Study 1 – The Orkney Isles
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
The Problem
– Group of interconnected islands with interconnection to
the mainland.
– Link to the mainland is via 2 subsea cables each with 20
MW capacity.
– Existing demand and generation:
o Demand 6-31 MW
o Firm generation 26MW
o Inter-tripped (non-firm) generation 20MW
‒ Continued request for new connections with two
upgrade options:– Additional 33 kV subsea cable (~£30m)
– New 132 kV cable (~£100m)
‒ But, who pays?
Orkney Smart Grid
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Managing a Constraint
To rest of network….
12 MVA
Bus 1 Bus 2
FG15 MVA
?
3-12 MVA
No available capacity
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Managing a Constraint
Bus 1 Bus 2
To rest of network….
12 MVA
FG0-15 MVAReal-time export
NFG0-9 MVA
3-12 MVA
ANM
p, q, v, i
p, q, v, i
SCADA
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Handling Multiple Generators
– Identify critical constraint locations
– Constraint boundary creates a new
control zone
– Each generator linked to one or
more control zones
– Priority stack or merit order of
generators based on Last In First
Off
– Modelling of estimated energy
export or curtailment critical for
financing of the development
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Key Technical Requirements
1. Autonomous
2. Guaranteed and predictable operation
3. Guaranteed delivery of contractual commitments
4. Safe
5. Easy to integrate devices and systems
6. Easy to plan
7. Minimises curtailment
8. Scalable
9. Extensible
10.Easy to live with
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
System Design
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The System at Work
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Generator output
NNFG IDSize
[MW]Production Factor after
CurtailmentCarbon emissions reduction
[tCO2]
1 0.9 37.06% 1,537
2 2.3 47.70% 5,056
4 4.5 45.35% 9,404
5 0.9 37.22% 1,543
6 0.9 40.08% 1,662
7 0.9 40.77% 1,691
9 0.9 31.76% 1,317
10 0.9 34.03% 1,411
TOTAL 13.1 36.04% 23,621
Wind farms are still achieving high capacity factors, delivering benefit in terms
of quicker and cheaper connections and a corresponding reduction in CO2
emissions
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Orkney Smart Grid - Results
20 Generators and 8 constraint locations deployed
Connected 24.4 MW new renewable generation capacity to 33 kV grid
previously considered to be full
103% of electricity demand met by renewables in 2013 with >40% ANM
enabled
Led to £25 million investment in community wind turbines and private
sector-sponsored initiatives
Led to £4m per annum of additional revenue delivered into the local
economy e.g. new island ferry services
Saved at least £30million
No projects would have went ahead without ANM
Lessons learned include planning for and mitigating the effects of other policy initiatives, technology improvements and the requirement for ongoing stakeholder engagement.
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
On Orkney
More information including live
status available at:
http://anm.ssepd.co.uk/
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Case Study 2 – The Shetland Isles
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Shetland Isles
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
The Problem
An electrical island with no mainland interconnection
Population ~23,000
Demand 11 – 47 MW
Diesel generation at Lerwick Power Station (50+ MW)
BUT reaching end of life and requires replacing
Back-up and frequency response from Sullom Voe Oil Terminal
BUT mainly there to serve local load and cannot be guaranteed for the long term
Issues:
Sudden change in wind conditions or a fault can cause frequency problems
Existing heating scheme controlled by radio teleswitch (crude but allows some balancing)
Local constraints when feeding power to Lerwick
Without the Sullom Voe Terminal the network is very difficult to balance
Demand for more renewables
The Electrical Island
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Domestic demand management (Target of 750 homes)– Storage heaters ~7kW load each with stepped gradient
– Hot water tank with 30 degrees C variable load
– Each home represents ~60 kWh of thermal energy storage.
– Target of 6 MW and 45 MWh of demand
1 MW advanced lead acid battery
4 MW electric boiler and hot water storage tank providing 130 MWh of stored energy for a district heating scheme
Wind farms and micro-turbines ranging from kWsto MWs which will have their output restricted if necessary due to stability, power flow or voltage constraints.
New Devices
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
ANM Functions
Forecasting of network constraints based on load and generation forecasts
System balancing by calculating day ahead schedules for all controlled devices with an objective of maximising renewable contribution
Real time balancing to calculate and issue override signals to respond to unforeseen events, changes in conditions and short term variations
Management of system stability to identify configurations that may result in unacceptable oscillatory behaviour and set operating limits, including frequency response characteristics
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
System Design
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
NINES Update
Expected outcome:
10 MW of renewable capacity can be connected to the existing system
3.7MW to 12-15MW
CO2 emissions reduction by ~6,500 tCO2e per annum
Reduction in planned size of replacement power station
Significant financial benefit to the local community
Annual payment for providing demand response services
Targeted at fuel poor homes
Status:
ANM commissioned and generator connections accepted
Communications solution being commissioned
Controlled devices agreeing funding, in procurement or being commissioned
© 2014: Smarter Grid Solutions Ltd. (SC344695). All rights reserved.
Thank you
Alan Gooding
Commercial Director and Co founder
+44 (0)141 568 4310
www.smartergridsolutions.com