Senior University, Winter 2008 Session 6

Senior University, Winter 2008Senior University, Winter 2008 Session 6Session 6

Scientific Explanations should be as simple as possible, but not too simple Albert Einstein

““History is so indifferently rich that a case History is so indifferently rich that a case

for almost an conclusion from it can be for almost an conclusion from it can be

made by a selection of instancesmade by a selection of instances””

Will and Ariel Durant, “The Lessons of History”Will and Ariel Durant, “The Lessons of History”

Hinduism Hinduism

00

50050010001000 2000200015001500500500

ConfucianismConfucianism

Judaism Judaism

Christianity BibleChristianity Bible

IslamIslam

Buddhism Buddhism

10001000

Where We’ve Been Heading: The last 3000 years

Greece Rome

GeologyMining Natural Philosophy Geology

HistoryWorld Eurasia Europe/Asia UK USA

Religion

Egypt et al

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Geology through Human History Review from Session 5 1775 to 1875

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present

1882 Charles Blanchard President of College

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology Uniformitarianism 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Geology: 1774 to 1875

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present

1882 Charles Blanchard President of College

New Geological Knowledge that challenged historical interpretations of the Bible

Hutton: Many floodsSmith: fossils, great agesLyell: predictable rates of change

Darwin: Humans=high animals, great age

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present

Geology in the Last 150 Years

Petrology: Origin of Rocks

Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps

Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging

Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology Paleontology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present

Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present

More Geology Conflicting with Historical Biblical Interpretations

Petrology: Origin of Rocks

Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps

Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging

Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present

Continental Drift: Alfred Wegener

Petrology: Origin of Rocks

Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps

Continental Drift

Alfred Wegener, 1880 to 1930 German Meteorologist Continental Drift Proposal

290 Million Years Ago 37 Million Years Ago

Continental DriftContinental DriftNorth America through the AgesNorth America through the Ages

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present

Map Reconstruction of Geologic History

Petrology: Origin of Rocks

Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps

StratigraphyCorrelating by age and Environment

The Stratigraphic Column

StratigraphyCorrelating by age and Environment

The Stratigraphic Column

Paleo-Geographic Maps

StratigraphyCorrelating by age and Environment

The Stratigraphic Column

Paleo-Geographic Maps

Isopach Maps

Geologic Maps

Geological Map of the USA

StratigraphyCorrelating by age and Environment

Subsurface Maps Geosynclines

Gulf of Mexico Geosyncline

New Orleans

Subsurface Cross Sections Gulf of Mexico Geosyncline

Sun City

Gulf of Mexico Geosyncline

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present

“Absolute” Age Dating of Rocks

Petrology: Origin of Rocks

Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps

Geochemistry : Radio age dating Continental Drift

J. Laurence Kulpresearch in radiometric dating included :-- Potassium-argon dating[6] [7]

- Rubidium-strontium dating [8]

- Uranium-lead dating [9]

- Carbon-14 [10]

Geochemistry: Absolute Age Dating

Geochemistry: Absolute Age DatingRadio Active Age Dating

Radioactive Decay of Uranium 238

Geologic Time: “How old is our earth?”

1658 Bishop Ussher: 6000 years

1785 James Hutton: 30 to 50 million years

1830 Sir Charles Lyell: 80 million years

1899 John Joly, 90 million years (sea salts)

Lord Kelvin, 24 to 40 million years (heat flow)

1947 to 1960 Radioactivity, 4.8 BILLION YEARS OLD!!

Future ??????

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present

Geophysical Subsurface Imaging

Petrology: Origin of Rocks

Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps

Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging

Continental Drift

Geophysics: Subsurface Imaging

Sea Level

20,000 feet

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present

Plate Tectonics: Ultimate Historical Geology

Petrology: Origin of Rocks

Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps

Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging

Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift

Maurice Ewing, 1906 to 1974, Geophysicist, Lamont Geological Observatory Columbia University, New York

Lamont, NYWoods Hole, MassScripps , CA

Mississippian timeMississippian time

Geologic Time Diagram Geologic Time Diagram

ScandinaviaScandinavia

FranceFrance

SpainSpain

Crushed & MeltedCrushed & Melted into mountain rangeinto mountain range

Mountain RangeMountain Range due to Platedue to Plate CollisionsCollisions

Mountain RangeMountain Range due to Loadingdue to Loading

Mississippian TimeMississippian Time340 million years ago340 million years ago

EnglandEngland

200 Million Years of Continental200 Million Years of Continental Destruction & Renewal Destruction & Renewal

Pennsylvanian timePennsylvanian time

300 million years ago300 million years ago

North America: North America: Northward Drift during Pennsylvanian Time Northward Drift during Pennsylvanian Time

Mississippian Time 340 million years agoMississippian Time 340 million years ago Pennsylvanian Time 300 million years agoPennsylvanian Time 300 million years ago

Texas at equatorTexas at equator

Greenland rotating counter clockwiseGreenland rotating counter clockwise

PennsylvanianPennsylvanianGeosyncline inGeosyncline in front of growingfront of growing mountainsmountains

West TexasWest TexasPermianPermianBasinBasin

1800 1900 2000

1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps

1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology Paleontology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species

Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times

Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present

Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present

Geology Conflicting with Literal Readings ofBiblical account of Creation & Noah’s Flood

Petrology: Origin of Rocks

Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps

Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging

Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift

Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible

View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GODGeological Conclusions:The Young Earth: Created by God in 4004 BCWorldwide Flood: 2348 BCHumans: Finale of God’s living Creation

Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible

View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GODGeological Conclusions:The Young Earth: Created by God in 4004 BCWorldwide Flood: 2348 BCHumans: Finale of God’s living Creation

Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible

View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD Geological Interpretations

The Young Earth: Created by God in 4004 BC

Worldwide Flood: 2348 BC

Humans: Finale of God’s living Creation

The Old Earth: 4.5 billion years old

Many “worldwide floods

Humans current top of Homo sapiens tree

View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD

“Young Earth” Response

1. Majority: Ignore Science

2. Vocal Few: Uniformitarianism is invalid!God set aside natural laws to accomplish

His Purpose

3. Noah’s Flood produced all geology

George McCready Price (1870–1963)

The New Geology (1923), a 726 page college textbook

George McCready Price, left

Young Earth Advocate Early 20th Century

Largely ignored asIllogical & unscientific

Late 20th CenturyInstitute for Creation Research

Our MissionICR equips believers with evidence of the Bible's accuracy and authority through scientific research, educational programs, and media presentations, all conducted within a thoroughly biblical framework

ICR began as the research division of Christian Heritage College, now known as San Diego Christian College. The heart of ICR and the vision of our late founder, Dr. Henry M. Morris, is to conduct scientific research and gather evidences in support of biblical truth, especially on the issue of origins.

Institute for Creation ResearchVocal Young Earth Advocates since 1970

Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible

View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD

Geological Conclusions:

Creation 4.5 billion years ago acceptable to manyNoah’s Flood one of many through time

View Two: The Bible is the Inerrant WORD of GODStories of Old Testament may be myths, Legends, etc

Humans: Finale of God’s “evolutionary” Creation

Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible

View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD

Geology embraced

View Two: The Bible is the Inerrant WORD of GODStories of Old Testament may be myths, Legends, etc

View Three: The Bible contains the WORD of GOD Varying amounts of Bible are words of Man

Many holding views One and Two appalled at possible dilution of the Biblical Message

Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible

View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD

View Two: The Bible is the Inerrant WORD of GODStories of Old Testament may be myths, Legends, etc

View Three: The Bible contains the WORD of GODVarying amounts of Bible are words of Man

View Four: Bible Impressive Ancient Literature Not relevant to physical sciences

The Unfortunate current use of Intelligent Design

Intelligent Design used by both theMedia &Young Earth Advocates

Since a “Young” Earth required discarding all Scientific evidence, it cannot be either intelligent or by Design. Dbeau 2008

“If young earth is true, it is the most cruel joke that a so-called benevolent Creator could makeOn Humans” Dr. J. Laurence Kulp

The Unfortunate current use of Intelligent Design

Intelligent Design used by both theMedia &Young Earth Advocates

Intelligent Design is said to imply great complexity.

In Reality natural design, though complex, isextremely simple in function. Dbeau, 2008

Scientific Explanations should be as simple as possible, but not too simple Albert Einstein

In Reality natural design, though complex, isextremely simple in function. Dbeau, 2008

For Example: The Earth’s Living Crust

Earth’s Living CrustEarth’s Living Crust

Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics defined from 1950 to 1970

Unifying Theory in Geology

The Earth’s Two Crustal TypesThe Earth’s Two Crustal Types

ContinentalContinental CrustCrust

Continental Continental CrustCrust

Oceanic Crust

Oceanic Crust

Oceanic Crust: dark colored dense rocky top of the mantle about 5 miles thick

Continental Crust: light colored less dense than oceanic “floats” on the mantle from 25 to 50 miles thick

Continental Crust must berenewed periodically because:

Why? To maintain land above sea level! Erosion over time will sweep all the continents into the sea.

Continental Crust must berenewed periodically because

Continents could be “leveled” by erosion because: 3/5th of earth is oceans, 3 miles deep while only 2/5th of earth is continents, ½ mile high

Our Living EarthRenewing the Continents

Continent beingDestroyed byWeathering &Erosion

Continental DebrisTrapped along theContinental Margins

ContinentalDebris beingCrushed, melted &welded back intothe Continent

Our Earth’s Living Crust

Oceanic Crust is Recycled Continuously

Oceanic crust: old crust is melted below active continental margins new oceanic crust is formed in ocean ridges

Our Living EarthRecycling the Ocean Crust

Oceanic Crust

Oceanic CrustBeing melted

Mid Ocean RidgeNew Ocean Crust being formed

Continental Crust

Mid Atlantic Ridge

South Pacific Ridge

PacificSubductionTrench

Our Living EarthRecycling the Ocean Crust

New Oceanic Crust being formed continuously along mid-ocean ridgesOld Oceanic Crust being melted continuously in Subduction Trenches

Earth’s Living CrustLiving: It Reproduces Itself

Some Amazing Designs inSome Amazing Designs in Nature:Nature: Biological DNA!Biological DNA! Astronomical Universe!!!Astronomical Universe!!! Geological Living Crust!!Geological Living Crust!!

Amazing Natural Design

Take the Earth’s Living Crust Just Natural Chance? or Intelligent Design?

Amazing Natural DesignAmazing Natural Design How do we explain it??How do we explain it??

Intelligent or Natural DesignIntelligent or Natural Design

It’s your choice!It’s your choice!

Intelligent DesignIntelligent Design

Nature created by an IntelligenceNature created by an Intelligence

The Earth’s Living CrustThe Earth’s Living CrustMore than Intelligent More than Intelligent Design?Design?

Could Science be defining Could Science be defining a Benevolent Design?a Benevolent Design?

Science: DiscoveringScience: DiscoveringGod’s Benevolent DesignGod’s Benevolent Design