Senior University, Winter 2008 Senior University, Winter 2008 Session 6 Session 6 planations should be as ssible, but not too simple
Jan 13, 2016
Senior University, Winter 2008Senior University, Winter 2008 Session 6Session 6
Scientific Explanations should be as simple as possible, but not too simple Albert Einstein
““History is so indifferently rich that a case History is so indifferently rich that a case
for almost an conclusion from it can be for almost an conclusion from it can be
made by a selection of instancesmade by a selection of instances””
Will and Ariel Durant, “The Lessons of History”Will and Ariel Durant, “The Lessons of History”
Hinduism Hinduism
00
50050010001000 2000200015001500500500
ConfucianismConfucianism
Judaism Judaism
Christianity BibleChristianity Bible
IslamIslam
Buddhism Buddhism
10001000
Where We’ve Been Heading: The last 3000 years
Greece Rome
GeologyMining Natural Philosophy Geology
HistoryWorld Eurasia Europe/Asia UK USA
Religion
Egypt et al
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Geology through Human History Review from Session 5 1775 to 1875
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present
1882 Charles Blanchard President of College
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology Uniformitarianism 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Geology: 1774 to 1875
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present
1882 Charles Blanchard President of College
New Geological Knowledge that challenged historical interpretations of the Bible
Hutton: Many floodsSmith: fossils, great agesLyell: predictable rates of change
Darwin: Humans=high animals, great age
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present
Geology in the Last 150 Years
Petrology: Origin of Rocks
Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps
Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging
Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology Paleontology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present
Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present
More Geology Conflicting with Historical Biblical Interpretations
Petrology: Origin of Rocks
Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps
Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging
Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present
Continental Drift: Alfred Wegener
Petrology: Origin of Rocks
Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps
Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener, 1880 to 1930 German Meteorologist Continental Drift Proposal
290 Million Years Ago 37 Million Years Ago
Continental DriftContinental DriftNorth America through the AgesNorth America through the Ages
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present
Map Reconstruction of Geologic History
Petrology: Origin of Rocks
Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps
StratigraphyCorrelating by age and Environment
The Stratigraphic Column
StratigraphyCorrelating by age and Environment
The Stratigraphic Column
Paleo-Geographic Maps
StratigraphyCorrelating by age and Environment
The Stratigraphic Column
Paleo-Geographic Maps
Isopach Maps
Geologic Maps
Geological Map of the USA
StratigraphyCorrelating by age and Environment
Subsurface Maps Geosynclines
Gulf of Mexico Geosyncline
New Orleans
Subsurface Cross Sections Gulf of Mexico Geosyncline
Sun City
Gulf of Mexico Geosyncline
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present
“Absolute” Age Dating of Rocks
Petrology: Origin of Rocks
Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps
Geochemistry : Radio age dating Continental Drift
J. Laurence Kulpresearch in radiometric dating included :-- Potassium-argon dating[6] [7]
- Rubidium-strontium dating [8]
- Uranium-lead dating [9]
- Carbon-14 [10]
Geochemistry: Absolute Age Dating
Geochemistry: Absolute Age DatingRadio Active Age Dating
Radioactive Decay of Uranium 238
Geologic Time: “How old is our earth?”
1658 Bishop Ussher: 6000 years
1785 James Hutton: 30 to 50 million years
1830 Sir Charles Lyell: 80 million years
1899 John Joly, 90 million years (sea salts)
Lord Kelvin, 24 to 40 million years (heat flow)
1947 to 1960 Radioactivity, 4.8 BILLION YEARS OLD!!
Future ??????
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present
Geophysical Subsurface Imaging
Petrology: Origin of Rocks
Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps
Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging
Continental Drift
Geophysics: Subsurface Imaging
Sea Level
20,000 feet
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present
Plate Tectonics: Ultimate Historical Geology
Petrology: Origin of Rocks
Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps
Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging
Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift
Maurice Ewing, 1906 to 1974, Geophysicist, Lamont Geological Observatory Columbia University, New York
Lamont, NYWoods Hole, MassScripps , CA
Mississippian timeMississippian time
Geologic Time Diagram Geologic Time Diagram
ScandinaviaScandinavia
FranceFrance
SpainSpain
Crushed & MeltedCrushed & Melted into mountain rangeinto mountain range
Mountain RangeMountain Range due to Platedue to Plate CollisionsCollisions
Mountain RangeMountain Range due to Loadingdue to Loading
Mississippian TimeMississippian Time340 million years ago340 million years ago
EnglandEngland
200 Million Years of Continental200 Million Years of Continental Destruction & Renewal Destruction & Renewal
Pennsylvanian timePennsylvanian time
300 million years ago300 million years ago
North America: North America: Northward Drift during Pennsylvanian Time Northward Drift during Pennsylvanian Time
Mississippian Time 340 million years agoMississippian Time 340 million years ago Pennsylvanian Time 300 million years agoPennsylvanian Time 300 million years ago
Texas at equatorTexas at equator
Greenland rotating counter clockwiseGreenland rotating counter clockwise
PennsylvanianPennsylvanianGeosyncline inGeosyncline in front of growingfront of growing mountainsmountains
West TexasWest TexasPermianPermianBasinBasin
1800 1900 2000
1788 Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1815 William Smith, Fossil correlation maps
1830 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology Paleontology 1859 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Petrography (classification of rocks): from early times
Mining geology: from the beginning of time to the present
Crystallography: gem stones: from the beginning of human history to the present
Geology Conflicting with Literal Readings ofBiblical account of Creation & Noah’s Flood
Petrology: Origin of Rocks
Mineralogy: Components of rocks: Microscopes, X-ray diffractionStratigraphy : Stratigraphic Column, paleo-geol ogic Maps
Geochemistry : Radio age dating Geophysics: Subsurface imaging
Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift
Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible
View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GODGeological Conclusions:The Young Earth: Created by God in 4004 BCWorldwide Flood: 2348 BCHumans: Finale of God’s living Creation
Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible
View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GODGeological Conclusions:The Young Earth: Created by God in 4004 BCWorldwide Flood: 2348 BCHumans: Finale of God’s living Creation
Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible
View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD Geological Interpretations
The Young Earth: Created by God in 4004 BC
Worldwide Flood: 2348 BC
Humans: Finale of God’s living Creation
The Old Earth: 4.5 billion years old
Many “worldwide floods
Humans current top of Homo sapiens tree
View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD
“Young Earth” Response
1. Majority: Ignore Science
2. Vocal Few: Uniformitarianism is invalid!God set aside natural laws to accomplish
His Purpose
3. Noah’s Flood produced all geology
George McCready Price (1870–1963)
The New Geology (1923), a 726 page college textbook
George McCready Price, left
Young Earth Advocate Early 20th Century
Largely ignored asIllogical & unscientific
Late 20th CenturyInstitute for Creation Research
Our MissionICR equips believers with evidence of the Bible's accuracy and authority through scientific research, educational programs, and media presentations, all conducted within a thoroughly biblical framework
ICR began as the research division of Christian Heritage College, now known as San Diego Christian College. The heart of ICR and the vision of our late founder, Dr. Henry M. Morris, is to conduct scientific research and gather evidences in support of biblical truth, especially on the issue of origins.
Institute for Creation ResearchVocal Young Earth Advocates since 1970
Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible
View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD
Geological Conclusions:
Creation 4.5 billion years ago acceptable to manyNoah’s Flood one of many through time
View Two: The Bible is the Inerrant WORD of GODStories of Old Testament may be myths, Legends, etc
Humans: Finale of God’s “evolutionary” Creation
Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible
View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD
Geology embraced
View Two: The Bible is the Inerrant WORD of GODStories of Old Testament may be myths, Legends, etc
View Three: The Bible contains the WORD of GOD Varying amounts of Bible are words of Man
Many holding views One and Two appalled at possible dilution of the Biblical Message
Four Views on Religious “Stories” e.g. The Bible
View One: The Bible is the Literal WORD of GOD
View Two: The Bible is the Inerrant WORD of GODStories of Old Testament may be myths, Legends, etc
View Three: The Bible contains the WORD of GODVarying amounts of Bible are words of Man
View Four: Bible Impressive Ancient Literature Not relevant to physical sciences
The Unfortunate current use of Intelligent Design
Intelligent Design used by both theMedia &Young Earth Advocates
Since a “Young” Earth required discarding all Scientific evidence, it cannot be either intelligent or by Design. Dbeau 2008
“If young earth is true, it is the most cruel joke that a so-called benevolent Creator could makeOn Humans” Dr. J. Laurence Kulp
The Unfortunate current use of Intelligent Design
Intelligent Design used by both theMedia &Young Earth Advocates
Intelligent Design is said to imply great complexity.
In Reality natural design, though complex, isextremely simple in function. Dbeau, 2008
Scientific Explanations should be as simple as possible, but not too simple Albert Einstein
In Reality natural design, though complex, isextremely simple in function. Dbeau, 2008
For Example: The Earth’s Living Crust
Earth’s Living CrustEarth’s Living Crust
Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics defined from 1950 to 1970
Unifying Theory in Geology
The Earth’s Two Crustal TypesThe Earth’s Two Crustal Types
ContinentalContinental CrustCrust
Continental Continental CrustCrust
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust: dark colored dense rocky top of the mantle about 5 miles thick
Continental Crust: light colored less dense than oceanic “floats” on the mantle from 25 to 50 miles thick
Continental Crust must berenewed periodically because:
Why? To maintain land above sea level! Erosion over time will sweep all the continents into the sea.
Continental Crust must berenewed periodically because
Continents could be “leveled” by erosion because: 3/5th of earth is oceans, 3 miles deep while only 2/5th of earth is continents, ½ mile high
Our Living EarthRenewing the Continents
Continent beingDestroyed byWeathering &Erosion
Continental DebrisTrapped along theContinental Margins
ContinentalDebris beingCrushed, melted &welded back intothe Continent
Our Earth’s Living Crust
Oceanic Crust is Recycled Continuously
Oceanic crust: old crust is melted below active continental margins new oceanic crust is formed in ocean ridges
Our Living EarthRecycling the Ocean Crust
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic CrustBeing melted
Mid Ocean RidgeNew Ocean Crust being formed
Continental Crust
Mid Atlantic Ridge
South Pacific Ridge
PacificSubductionTrench
Our Living EarthRecycling the Ocean Crust
New Oceanic Crust being formed continuously along mid-ocean ridgesOld Oceanic Crust being melted continuously in Subduction Trenches
Earth’s Living CrustLiving: It Reproduces Itself
Some Amazing Designs inSome Amazing Designs in Nature:Nature: Biological DNA!Biological DNA! Astronomical Universe!!!Astronomical Universe!!! Geological Living Crust!!Geological Living Crust!!
Amazing Natural Design
Take the Earth’s Living Crust Just Natural Chance? or Intelligent Design?
Amazing Natural DesignAmazing Natural Design How do we explain it??How do we explain it??
Intelligent or Natural DesignIntelligent or Natural Design
It’s your choice!It’s your choice!
Intelligent DesignIntelligent Design
Nature created by an IntelligenceNature created by an Intelligence
The Earth’s Living CrustThe Earth’s Living CrustMore than Intelligent More than Intelligent Design?Design?
Could Science be defining Could Science be defining a Benevolent Design?a Benevolent Design?
Science: DiscoveringScience: DiscoveringGod’s Benevolent DesignGod’s Benevolent Design