Scientific Management

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

*Maria Tiara Fatima F. GalangMPA 505 – Organization and Management

Objectives:1. Understand the

principles of scientific management

2. Identify the proponents of scientific management and their respective contributions

3. Determine the limitations of scientific management

Objectives:

Classical approach

higher level management analysis

lower level management analysis

F.W. Taylor The Gilbreths H.L. Gantt

Frederick Winslow Taylor

- Father of Scientific Management

- “the first man in history who did not take work for granted…”

Principles of Scientific

Management

1. Develop a scientific approach for each element of an individual’s work to replace rule-of-thumb

guidelines

2. Scientifically select, train,

teach and develop each worker

3. Be cooperative with workers to ensure that the job matches plans

and principles

4. Ensure equal division of work and

responsibility between managers and workers

Taylor’s experience in three companies

Midvale Steel:- “soldiering” of workers was observed

- differential rate system

Bethlehem Steel Company:

- improved the efficiency of the company yard gang

Simonds Rolling Machine Company:

- improved productivity, quality, worker morale and wages

o Job analysiso Time-and-motion studieso Standardization of

processeso Piece-rate methodo Motivation by monetary

considerations

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

- worked as a husband-and-wife team in their study of work

- used time and motion study as their principal tool

Frank Gilbreth

- studied bricklaying and changed the structure of such task

- They labeled their work as therbligs.

- The Gilbreths are also known for their child-rearing practices.

Henry L. Gantt- focused on “control”

systems for shop-floor production scheduling

- Gantt Charts

- He established quota systems and bonuses systems for workers (gainsharing)

- social responsibility

Scientific Management and

the Model-T

Limitations of Scientific

Management

- simplistic motivational assumptions

- workers were viewed as part of a machine

- excluded senior (top) management tasks

Conclusion:Scientific management helped

organizations in achieving productivity and efficiency using scientific methods and techniques. This is through employing various work analysis techniques such as time and motion study. Through such, a “one best way” of doing tasks had been developed to eliminate unnecessary and time-killing movements.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, scientific management had been an essential body of knowledge in improving work. Such theory, although considered classical, is still applied among established organizations today.