SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT *Maria Tiara Fatima F. Galang MPA 505 – Organization and Management
Jan 13, 2015
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
*Maria Tiara Fatima F. GalangMPA 505 – Organization and Management
Objectives:1. Understand the
principles of scientific management
2. Identify the proponents of scientific management and their respective contributions
3. Determine the limitations of scientific management
Objectives:
Classical approach
higher level management analysis
lower level management analysis
F.W. Taylor The Gilbreths H.L. Gantt
Frederick Winslow Taylor
- Father of Scientific Management
- “the first man in history who did not take work for granted…”
Principles of Scientific
Management
1. Develop a scientific approach for each element of an individual’s work to replace rule-of-thumb
guidelines
2. Scientifically select, train,
teach and develop each worker
3. Be cooperative with workers to ensure that the job matches plans
and principles
4. Ensure equal division of work and
responsibility between managers and workers
Taylor’s experience in three companies
Midvale Steel:- “soldiering” of workers was observed
- differential rate system
Bethlehem Steel Company:
- improved the efficiency of the company yard gang
Simonds Rolling Machine Company:
- improved productivity, quality, worker morale and wages
o Job analysiso Time-and-motion studieso Standardization of
processeso Piece-rate methodo Motivation by monetary
considerations
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
- worked as a husband-and-wife team in their study of work
- used time and motion study as their principal tool
Frank Gilbreth
- studied bricklaying and changed the structure of such task
- They labeled their work as therbligs.
- The Gilbreths are also known for their child-rearing practices.
Henry L. Gantt- focused on “control”
systems for shop-floor production scheduling
- Gantt Charts
- He established quota systems and bonuses systems for workers (gainsharing)
- social responsibility
Scientific Management and
the Model-T
Limitations of Scientific
Management
- simplistic motivational assumptions
- workers were viewed as part of a machine
- excluded senior (top) management tasks
Conclusion:Scientific management helped
organizations in achieving productivity and efficiency using scientific methods and techniques. This is through employing various work analysis techniques such as time and motion study. Through such, a “one best way” of doing tasks had been developed to eliminate unnecessary and time-killing movements.
Conclusion:
Ultimately, scientific management had been an essential body of knowledge in improving work. Such theory, although considered classical, is still applied among established organizations today.