Transcript
Renaissance Period,
16th to 19th Century
Renaissance
A word borrowed from FRENCH LANGUAGEmeaning “REBIRTH” Applied to 15th century which is one of the highest moment of civilizationECONOMIC PROGRESS in late Medieval PeriodA result in the growth of cities; increased in trade and commerce
Results of Renaissance
• revival of classical learning in the study of the ancient Greek and Roman texts• series of maritime expeditions in which man circumnavigated the world for the first time• the discovery of more trade routes• development of trade and commerce changed the structure of the society
Renaissance’s Ideal of Man
well rounded manKnowledgeable in number of fields• Philosophy•Science•Art (Painting and Music)
Applies his knowledge to productive and creative activityGreat men in this period were versatile.
Painting and Sculpture Portable easel paintings became popularArtists are strongly influenced by scienceMore naturalistic portrayal of man
Revived studies of the nude and the male athleteMichelangelo’s Dawn, Evening, and Night, Moses
New concept of spaceAs geometric or linear perspective in painting and sculpture
Michaelangelo’s
Dawn, Evening, and Night, Moses
Early Renaissance(First Half of 15th Century)
Painters were Massaccio and Piero della Francesca
Massaccio with volume, anatomical studies, and chiaroscuro effects
Peiro della Francesca developed the science of perspective and stressed simple forms and geometric structure
chiaroscuro, literally "light-dark", a technique which was used to great effect to create dramatic contrasts.
High Renaissance (Second Half of 15th Century)
ᴥ Evolution of LANDSCAPEᴥIn portraits, human face became even more expressive with SFUMATOᴥFLORENCE continued to be a center of art together with ROME and VENICEᴥ Aristocratic residences or palazzos were constructed
ᴥ Michelozzi; one of the outstanding Italian architects of palazzos.
ᴥDuring the period, objective, mathematical standards of measurement and proportion were observed.
Sfumato refers to the subtle gradation of tone which was used to obscure sharp edges and create a synergy between lights and shadows in a painting
Renaissance’s Paintings
16th Century
In 1527- Rome, was sacked and brought to ruin by the Spanish and German armies of Emperor Charles V.
Decay of Classicism in the visual arts took the form of Mannerism which expressed:
Insecurity Anxieties Escapist
Mannerism
• In the subject– Painting is
often obscure and ambigous
• Of space– the
foreground, middle ground and background of the painting may seem to be unrelated
• Of line– Which outlines are
elongated and the forms contorted and twisted.
• Of gesture– Which the hands may
call attention to themselves by their unusual, exaggerated or dramatic gesture
• Of the fantastic and the bizarre– e.g Allegory of Winter
Various Forms of Mannerism
Of value may employ strong contrast of light and dark which the subject not necessarily require
Madonna of the Long Neck
IN SUBJECT
OF SPACE
St. Martin and the Beggar
Of value
El Greco’s View of Toledo
Of line
The Last Judgement
Of gesture
Vision of Saint Jerome
Of the Fantastic and the Bizarre
Allegory of Winter
Additional Information
In PAINTING, SCULPTURE, and ARCHITECTURE characterized w/:Sense of instability and ambiguity
OUTSTANDING ARCHITECTS OF THE PERIOD :Giulio Romano
ΩPalazzo del Te at MantuaVignola
ΩJesuit church of Il Gesu in Rome Andrea Palladio
ΩRotonda (Villa Capra) at Vicenza
17th and 18th CenturyoBaroque ArtoPaintingoSculptureoArchitectureoMusic
BAROQUE ART
REFORMATIONthe great religious
upheaval that shook the whole Europe after the period of Renaissance.
Religious Leaders
Martin Luther, John Calvin, and John Knox
Demanded religious reforms to put a stop to the abuses of the clergy such as selling indulgencies and religious titles.
During this period
Additional InformationChristendom was
split into many factions.
From 1545 to 1563 – the Council of Trent was convened to set Church policies on various subjects including art.
Features of Baroque artPAINTING
Characterized by movement, energy and restlessness.
It gave way to the turbulent expression.
The composition of most baroque paintings is along diagonal line or may follow zigzags.
*CHIAROSCURO very important feature of Baroque
*An effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.
Left: Crucifixion
Right: Descent from the Cross
Baroque Art in Painting has the following elements:
o Value oJoseph and Child Jesus
oTextureo Woman with Water Jug
oSpaceo Bathsheba or Night Watch
Let’s take a look!
VALUE is an important elementin Baroque Art, for it creates atmosphere and emotional effects,as light becomes symbolic of the interior life.
Texture
Another
decisive
element of
Baroque Art.
Baroque Art ‘s PRIMARY AIM is to reach the emotions by seducing the senses.(Texture)
(Bathsheba) A unique treatment of SPACE. Transparent darkness, hinting at figures or objects dimly seenDarkness at the opening into a deeper space
Sculpture & Architecture restless, dynamic style with its
diagonals and floating curved linesStriking chiaroscuroSensuous textural effects
Marked by a sculptural, highly ornamented façade
E.g Church of San Carlo alle Quatro Fontane
by Arch. Francesco Borromini
Music₰ refers to rich polyphonic music composed about the period between 1600 and 1750₰ Period of VOCAL FORMS
₰ORATORIO₰CANTATA₰Instrumental forms such as FUGUE
₰G.F Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach are great composers of baroque music
Rococo ArtRococo is a French word
ROCAILLE meaning shell or conch which is the
predominant motif of rococo art
an aristocratic artIts subject composed of gentlemen and ladies of leisureSense of intimacy
The stolen kiss
Late 18th Century and the 19th Century
Neo- Classism started around the mid 1700’s it was more than just a revival of the antiquities it also represented the political events and seriousness of the time It was the period following the Rococo
French Academy was foundedVeneration of antiquity and formal disciplineArts served to glorify a single monarch
During this period
The French monarchs became
more and more
decadent and the French
Revolution in 1789 dealt a severe blow
to the monarchy.
The Revolution
was betrayed by Napoleon
ROMANTICISM
after French RevolutionStressed the individual freedom of the artist and his subjective reaction to the world around himArt was transformed by the emotions and personal sensibility of the artist* Important aspect of ROMANTISISM: Interest in Social Issues
Romanticism has its passive subject:
HEART and EMOTIONS took precedence over reasonThis give rise to emotional instability, feelings of melancholy or despair, fatalism, and desolation
Artists during this period :Freed from Church and State patronageArtists sought escapism which has variety of formsEscape into spaceInterest in magic, the occult, or the fantastic
Lose himself in natureTake refuge in bohemianism or in dandyism
Cultivate a taste for the mad, the horrible, nothingness and death * In his works
Escape in space
Interest in magic, occult and fantastic
First to paint outdoors under natural lighting conditionsConstableTurnerCorot
Romantic composers are freed from the restraints
of classical form
• emotion triumphs over intellect and the beauty of the melodic line holds sway over considerations of structure.
Realism
Realism
2nd half of 19th centuryRise of industrial capitalism, growth of the working classThe gods and goddesses of classical mythology as a subject was replacedTheir subjects are the working people
Realist Artists
Francois Millet oknown for his paintings of peasants in the fieldoExude a solemn and religious atmosphere, not without a certain didacticism
Gustave CourbetoEarned the scorn of criticsoHis paintings expose the vanity and pettiness of the working people or his subjects
Honore Daumiero he had sumpathy for the poor and the oppressed (as found in his workso he has a gift of capturing the essential spirit of human relationshipsoHis paintings were distinguished by his expressive and masterful lines, as well as his skillful use of chiaroscuro.
Peasants in the Fields By Francois Millet
Stone Breaker by Gustave Courbet
The Third Class Carriage by Honore Daumier
Art Nauveau
ART NOUVEAUDue to reaction of Industrialization and machine, new style (art nouveau emerge)The style was characterized by sinuous, indulating line transforming itself continually into tendrils, stems, leaves, veins, and petalsFurther metamorphosing into woman’s hair, waves or strange animal forms
Englishman William Morris• stressed the importance of
communal effort in art and expressed a nostalgia for the pre- industrial society with its guilds• was the first voice raised against
mass production which he foresaw would lower artistic quality• he was with **Pre- Raphaelites- they
propagated the art nouveauoDante Gabriel RossettioBurne JonesoMaddox Brown**Pre- Raphaelites- people who drew inspiration from art before
Raphael and the high Renaissance
Symbolism
Aestheticism during the period creates the theory:
“art for art’s sake”This theory place the importance of FORM or the FORMAL AESTHETIC elements over meaning or content
Later, Poetry took the direction of SYMBOLISMIt expresses the idea of **SYNESTHESIA
*Synesthesia- various senses intermingled and fused with one another
“Symbolism in art was a new version of the universe in which one saw a living spirit in all things animate or inanimate and as in *Platonism”
*the view that there exist such things as abstract objects
Poetry in Symbolism was wedded with
music
Poet Mallarme’s “To name an object is to
take away three- fourths of the
pleasure.”
Atmosphere of the aura of the object is the essence of
symbolism.
Tanks por lisining!
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