Road safety challenges & the importance of partnerships ray shuey
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ROAD SAFETY CHALLENGES & THE
IMPORTANCE OF PARTNERSHIPS AND
CO-ORDINATION
2 0 1 2 I N D O N E S I A N D E L E G A T I O N
F A C T F I N D I N G M I S S I O N
R A Y S H U E Y A . P. M .
R O A D S A F E T Y S P E C I A L I S T
1
THE IMPORTANCE OF PARTNERSHIPS
Historic Perspective Australia/Victoria
Road Safety Issues in Indonesia – Personal observations
What has worked well in Australia?
What have been the challenges in Australia?
Our future directions?
Can these lessons, strategies, programs apply to the Indonesian road safety environment?
2
AUSTRALIA - BACKGROUND Population:
Australia – 23 million
Victoria – 5.5 million
Victoria has:
4.8 million registered vehicles
3.6 million licensed drivers
201,000 kilometres of road
460 million tons of freight moved annually
Road Fatalities:
287 fatalities last year (lowest on record)
5.1 Deaths per 100,000 population
Efforts to achieve an international low rate:
Highly visible police enforcement
Strengthen Partnerships
3.5 million breath tests annually
High media profile, advertising, awareness
Continuous community education
3
INTERNATIONAL ROAD SAFETY AIM
“Reduce Incidence, Severity and Cost to the Community of Road Crashes”
INDONESIA - KEY ROAD SAFETY ISSUES
Huge country, growing population. Massive congestion issues
particularly in Jakarta
Increasing Road Trauma 30,000 deaths plus per annum
Road Users: 60%-70% motor cycle fatalities
Data & Analysis: Limited meaningful crash analysis capability
at both local and national level
No clear numbers on pedestrian casualties
Real causes of crashes – Investigation and analysis
Limited Interagency cooperation and collaboration – Who has
clear responsibility for what roles?
Driver attitude, behaviour and the driving culture
Road user discipline – driving offences to target
Speeding
Overloading
Red light running – Left on red? When safe?
Careless and Dangerous Driving
In some areas new roads create higher road safety risks
5
6
FOUNDATION ATTRIBUTES - INDONESIA
National Traffic Police
Very Disciplined Traffic Police Organisation
Very good Traffic Management Centre, GPS, CCTV
monitoring
Very good road development projects and black-spot
treatments
Very good public relations focus, public education
interface and the use of the media
New legislation to steer direction
Strong capacity building support from International
Agencies
An aim for continuous
improvement
7
ROAD SAFETY LEADERSHIP FROM
UNACCEPTABLE TRAUMA
Road Fatalities Australia 1925-2004
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Year Roadfatalities
Seat belts
1925
1970
20042011
8
VICTORIA’S ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE
8.16
6.70 6.89 6.85 6.57 6.36
5.69 5.33 5.17
8.98 8.62
8.19 8.35 8.12 8.10
7.18 7.33
6.42
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Fata
liti
es p
er
100,0
00 p
op
ula
tio
n
Year
Victorian fatality rates per 100,000 population
Victoria
Rest of Australia
9
1061
806 776
396 377
954
657
1970 1974
330
1989 1992 1997 2001
Cultural Change 02 03
397
444
Since 2001 cultural change has continued to be influence by:
Introducing Responsible Driving Legislation Dec. `01
Reducing Speed Threshold Enforcement Markers Feb. `02
1980
10
10 CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF ROAD
SAFETY
1. Situational analysis - What’s happening? Best data-crash causes?
2. Partnership profile - Collaboration
3. Working with the Community
4. Quality of your “strategic” plan
5. Media road safety profile
6. Enforcement & Education campaigns
7. Technology
8. Resources and logistics
9. Operational planning – effective?
10. Performance measures & evaluation 11
PARTNERSHIP PROFILE
ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
Parliamentary Road Safety
Committee
Traffic Safety Education Group
Road Safety
Reference Group
National Issues
Community Road Safety Councils
Transport Accident
Commission
POLICE
Enforcement
and
Education
VICROADS
Roads
Authority
ROAD SAFETY Executive Group
ROAD SAFETY Management Group
Coordination by
VicRoads
Trauma & Emergency
Services
Local Government Authorities
MINISTERIAL COUNCIL FOR ROAD SAFETY
Minister for Transport Minister for Police & Emergency Services Minister responsible for Transport Accident Commission (Chairmanship will rotate)
12
TRANSPORT ACCIDENT COMMISSION AT A GLANCE
Annual vehicle
registration
TAC Premiums
Road crashes
Care for accident victims
Road safety
programs
THE TOOLS USED TO ACHIEVE THIS
Market research and
evidence base
Penalties and legislation
Police enforcement
Public education
14
EXAMPLE - DRINK DRIVING
Basis for action Around 20% of all fatalities can be
attributed to drink driving Low levels of alcohol can affect
driving skills Don’t have to be ‘drunk’ Minimise, preferably avoid, the use
of alcohol prior to driving Drinking and driving is socially
unacceptable Aim: to bring about a cultural
change in community attitudes Now - 20 years of Public Education
Only a little bit over, you bloody idiot
Public Attitude Surveys
Quality
Research
Change Driving Culture
• Reduced crashes
• Reduced injuries
• Reduced deaths
Community Partners
Commercial
Industry
Schools
Driving Schools
Strong Legislation
Effective laws Strong Judicial System
Registration Licensing
Stringent re-licensing provisions
Develop a sound
communication education and
awareness strategy
Government • Road Safety
Council, • Police, • Roads Authority
• Health • Infrastructure • Information
16
TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION
MULTI-AGENCY & COORDINATED
Traffic Police – “Strategies and Rationale”
Media (Change from negative to positive) Planned programs – create awareness Children – all age groups (passengers & pedestrians) Community Groups – ownership of road safety. Police coach and help groups.
Pre-Driver Training Outcome – attitude & behavioural change
EXAMPLE
SPEEDING & CRASH RISK RESEARCH In a 60 km/h speed zone, research shows that for every increase in travel speed of 5 km/h above the 60 km/h limit, the risk of casualty crash involvement doubles
Kloeden, McLean, Moore, Ponte ‘Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvement, FORS
SPEEDING
EDUCATIONAL/ADVERTISING
TAC ‘Wipe off 5’ campaign –
3 phases
Enforcement: increase awareness of chance of detection
Instructional: provide rationale
Emotive: provide moral case
THE COMMUNITY MESSAGE
TECHNOLOGY & AUTOMATION
Certified lasers/radar, moving mode radar – “in car” videos
Digital Technology Speed cameras – mobile/fixed
Red light cameras
Speed on green intersection cameras
Time over extended distance (highway cameras)
Automatic Number Plate Recognition
Intelligent use of data – apply enforcement at the right time in the right location
Aim – collision prevention through law enforcement
THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF SAFETY
CAMERAS Sustainable change in driver behaviour
Reduce Average Speed & Red light running
Efficiency in Enforcement Processing
Intelligent use of data from the Cameras
USE ONLY GENERIC WARNINGS
Black Spot VS General Compliance
Revenue Raising VS ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT
STRATEGIES
Education preceding enforcement
Media parallel with enforcement
Mix targeted enforcement with random
Perception “Anywhere” “Anytime”
High visibility patrols mixed with covert fleet
Police – work in teams “saturation effect”
Apply “courtesy & explanation”
Publicize success
ENFORCEMENT STRATEGY
A. Collaborative
Dynamic
Outcome - focused
B. Intelligence led
Evidence-based
C. Flexible to address emerging issues e.g. drugs &
driving
4 Key Elements to any Enforcement Program – for effectiveness and success
1. Highly visible and active road policing
2. Repeating enforcement
operations often
3. Fair, strict and consistent
enforcement
4. Well publicised enforcement activities –
multiply enforcement effectiveness
ALL factors are vital to success. PERCEPTION: ANYWHERE/ANYTIME/ANYBODY – if you drink and drive you will be caught and punished
24
COMMUNITY ATTITUDES
Persistent offenders
Need to modify attitude/behaviour
Law abiding drivers/riders
General Deterrence
Specific Deterrence
Target enforcement
25
MAXIMISING COMMUNITY SELF-REGULATION
Command & Control
(Enforcement Only)
•Resistance to change
•Public denial of problem
•Short term behavioural
change only
•Many drivers will still take
the risk and drive whilst
impaired
Compliance
(Enforcement & Education)
•Self-regulation develops as
part of moral controls
•Fear of being caught, so will
not drink and drive
•Medium level behavioural
change
•Limited peer support to
monitor those who still drink
and drive
(Do only what is necessary!)
Partnerships &
Collaboration
•Proactive programs focused
on prevention and control
•Positively reinforcement,
reduced police intervention
required
•Strategic and long term
planning between
Government and Community
•Community monitoring of
driver behaviours
•Strong peer support for
safer driving behaviour
WHAT HAS WORKED WELL?
27
Early Initiatives
• Increased fines and doubled the period of mandatory licence suspension (1978)
• Increased anti-drink driving publicity (1979)
• Introduced and promoted low alcohol beer (1979)
Legislation • Strong legislation to cover loopholes/excuses
Enforcement
•Funding support for police enforcement •Random roadside alcohol testing •High visibility police enforcement •High volume alcohol testing •Specialist Police Traffic Alcohol Unit
Mass Media Communication
• Graphic multi-million dollar publicity support
• Effective Education & Awareness Campaigns
• Common message “If you drink, then drive, you are a bloody idiot”
• Community engagement, education and emotion
Measurement and Evaluation
• Set targets
• Constant monitoring
• Measure outcomes
• Research and evaluation
WHAT HAVE BEEN THE CHALLENGES?
28
Community Attitudes
• Community resistant to change
• Proving the relationship between low alcohol consumption and high risks of impaired driving
• Dealing with the alcohol industry
Repeat offenders • Offenders avoiding police enforcement
Funding, resourcing, equipment
• Sustainability of funding
• Maintaining police resources
• Focus on the best equipment
Program Coordination
• Non-compliance with declared principles – High visibility, repeated often, fair and consistent and well publicised enforcement
• Efficiency of processing test procedures
• Road safety – return on investment
• Proving effectiveness of the program – matching the enforcement against the trauma
• Delivering the service
• Achieving cultural change – changing community habits of drinking and driving
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
29
Marketing • Stronger marketing campaigns
• Education and community awareness
Data
Intelligence • More effective use of available knowledge
Sanctions • Vehicle impoundment – strengthen to reflect risk
• Alcohol interlock – broaden the use.
Enforcement • Continue with 3.5million tests per annum
• Continue high visibility enforcement
Strengthen Partnerships
• Working with industry, working with commerce
• Working with government agencies, local councils
Constant Questions • Have we gone far enough?
• Are there ways to improve effectiveness?
Philosophy
• Attitude
• Behaviour
• Culture
THE ‘SAFE SYSTEM’ APPROACH
30
CONSIDERATIONS FOR INDONESIA?
• Road Safety Management – Responsibilities defined
• Partnerships – Government Agencies, NGO’s, Industry, Commerce
• Strategic Plan and Focus
• Strong legislation and judicial system
Infrastructure
• Specialist Police Enforcement Unit(s) - Speed, Heavy Vehicle, Alcohol
• Collection and Collation of Quality Data
• Random breath testing capability
• Credible and reliable equipment
• Sound policies and procedures
• Effectiveness and efficiency in testing procedures
Enforcement
• Education and Awareness Programs
• Community Involvement – Road Safety is the Community
• Road Safety Advertising
Community Education & Awareness
• Community education and awareness
• Police equipment for testing and safety equipment
• Testing equipment for hospitals and mortuaries
Sustainable Road Safety
Funding
31
"TOGETHER WE CAN MAKE A
DIFFERENCE”
32
PROGRAM OUTCOME
Stronger Partnerships
Community involvement &
acceptability
Changed driver behaviours
Reduced Collision Risk
Reduction in Road Deaths/Road
Trauma
A Safe Driving Environment for all
33
QUESTIONS?
34
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