Transcript
Research Methodology
Assistant Professor- Yogesh.MBA,NET,GDC&A,NCMP and Pursuing PhD.
Standard of passing60% periodic evaluation40% semester end examination
Passing: 50% in each paper
Question paper patternAttempt any 5 questions out of 8
questions.Each question carries 8 marks.
In each question there will be 5 sub questions and out of which 4 needs to be answer, carrying 2 marks each.
ChaptersResearch Research design/ MethodsData collection/ Processing/
AnalyzingSampling techniquesScalingHypothesis-testingClassification / TabulationReport writing
What comes in your mind?
Research – why, what, where, how, types, when, methods, process, design, etc..
Data- primary/ secondaryLiterature reviewAnalysis of data- statisticalReport writingSoftware
ExampleWant to reach Mumbai University
(MU) from Kurla(C) railway station.
?Data- Internet, mobile, expert
opinionHypothesis – Authentic dataAnalysis- time. energy, rupees
etc..Solution- auto, taxi, bus, walk,
run etc..
Research?Purpose is to find answersSystematic & scientific methodsFormulating hypothesisData collectionAnalysisSolution
“Young” defines research, ‘ a scientific undertaking which by means of
logical & systematic techniques’, aims to,Discover new facts or verify old facts,Analyze their sequences,
interrelationships and casual explanation,Develop new scientific tools, concepts and
theories which would facilitate reliable and valid study of human behavior.1
Reference-
1.Young Pauline V, scientific, social surveys and research, New Delhi:
Prentice- Hall of India, 1937, p. 30.
Research is to re-search from available primary and
secondary data into relevant information
to form a substantial knowledge.
Research
Why
what
Where
WhenDesign
Process
Methods
How
New facts
Theories
Tools
Concepts
Reliable Information
ObjectivesTo find answers by using
systematic & scientific methods.To find out new facts.Brings out Hidden Information.Verify & test existing facts and
theories.Develop new tools, concepts and
theories.Contributes to national
development.
Example
New facts: Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) was
a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East
Hidden information:CID/ CBI inquires, Special
committees, Adarsh scam.
CharacteristicsSystematic & critical investigation.Purposive investigation.Adopts scientific methods.Objective & logical, applying
possible tests.Observable experience or empirical
evidence.Directed towards finding answers.Development of principles or
theories.
General terms in research
Scientific methodsStep by step procedure following the
logical processes of reasoning.
Mode of investigation.Systematized form of analysis.
Reasoning
Induction Deduction
Induction:Studying several individuals, cases &
drawing generalizations.
Deduction: Applying a general accepted principles
to a specific individual case.
Particular General
General Particular
Theory:A frustrated person, who is unable or
afraid to express his aggression directly towards to perceived source of his frustration, may divert his aggression into another channel.
The standard of living of family is the function of its income, size & life style.
It is the gradual outgrowth of constructive study of the accumulated sorted facts.
ExampleFrustrated manager takes it out
on subordinate instead of his boss.
Provides basis for studying consumer behavior and formulating appropriate marketing strategies.
Facts:Empirically verifiable observation.Process of classificationExample: counting the number of vehicles plying on
a road
Hypothesis:Preliminary assumption i.e. guessRelationship:Research>Assumption>Facts>Theories(Scientific methods, tools, data , old facts
)
Theories
Research contributes to,Initiates theoryTest an existing theoryReformulation
Theory contribute to,Suggest problem for studyGiving hypothesisProviding conceptual models
At the end it is social science, deals with observation & experiments.
top related