1 intro to rm

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INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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RESEARCH INVOLVES

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WHAT IS RESEARCH ? Research is a scientific and systematic search for relevant information on a specific topic.

Redman and Mory - “Systematized effort to gain knowledge”

Clifford Woody – Research comprises of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solution; collecting,organising and evaluating data, making deductions, reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit into the hypothesis or not.

IT IS ACTUALLY A VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY.

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OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.

1) The search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem.

2) The pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment.

3) The discovery of answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures.

4) Finding out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.

5) Gaining familiarity with a phenomenon.6) Identifying associations between various

phenomena. 7) Testing hypothesis of a causal relationship

between variables.

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MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH

1) Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits;

2) Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems;

3) Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work;

4) Desire to be of service to society;

5) Desire to get respectability.

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TYPES OF RESEARCH

1) Descriptive Research

2) Analytical Research

3) Fundamental Research

4) Applied Research

5) Conceptual Research

6) Empirical Research

7) Quantitative Research

8) Qualitative Research

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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCHThis type of research is essentially a fact finding inquiry. It is also called ex post facto research, i.e. report what has happened. The main characteristics of this research is that the researcher has no control over variables; can only see what has happened or what is happening.

In descriptive studies the researcher seeks to measure items such as frequency of shopping, preferences of people etc.

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH

The researcher has to use facts or information which is already available and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of material.

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCHIt is a type of research which helps in developing theories by discovering broad generalizations and principles. It is concerned with the formulation of a theory. It is also referred to as pure or basic research, which involves gathering knowledge for the sake of knowledge

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APPLIED RESEARCH

This type of research utilizes principles set by fundamental research to know about a problem facing the society or an industrial /business organization and find a solution for some pressing practical problems. It is also called action research or field research.For example, research concerning human behavior carried on with a view to make generalizations about human behavior.  CONCEPTUAL RESEARCHIt is related to some abstract ideas or theory. It is mainly used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.

EMPIRICAL RESEARCHThis type of research is also called experimental research. It is necessary to get facts first-hand, at their source, and to go about doing certain things to stimulate the production of desired information. The researcher must first provide himself with a working hypothesis as to the probable results. He then works to get enough facts (data) to prove or disprove his hypothesis. He then sets up experimental designs which he thinks will manipulate the persons or the materials concerned so as to bring forth the desired information.

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QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity or are measurable. It makes use of statistical techniques to analyze data and get results.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

It is concerned with qualitative aspects of a phenomenon which relate to quality or kind. It has importance in the behavioral sciences. Its aim is to discover the underlying motives of human behavior. It analyzes the various factors which motivate people to behave in a particular manner or which make people like or dislike a particular thing.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH

METHODS AND RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

SR.NO METHOD METHODOLOGY

1 Research methods are the methods by which you conduct research into a subject or a topic.

Research methodology explains the methods by which you may proceed with your research.

2 Research methods involve conduct of experiments, tests, surveys and the like.

Research methodology involves the learning of the various techniques that can be used in the conduct of research and in the conduct of tests, experiments, surveys and critical studies

3 In short it can be said that research methods aim at finding solutions to research problems

Research methodology aims at the employment of the correct procedures to find out solutions.

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STEPS IN RESEARCH PROCESS

1.Formulating and defining research problems.2. Review of literature3. Formulation of hypothesis4. Preparation of research design 5. Determining sample design6. Collecting data7. Data processing, tabulation, analysis and interpretation8. Testing hypothesis9. Drawing generalizations 10. Presentation of results in the form of a report