Transcript
The respiratory system
Nutrition function II
We have just studied the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Its function is to get nutrients from food.
To transform NUTRIENTS INTO ENERGY, in the mitochondria, our cells NEED OXYGEN.
These molecules are essential for cellular respiration: the process through we obtain energy.
Obtaining energy.
In respiration, oxygen is consumed to release energy (ATP) from nutrients, and carbon dioxide is produced.
The respiratory system is also in charge of expelling that carbon dioxide that we don’t need.
Expeling waste substances.
Parts of the respiratory system
The respiratory system.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A
Parts of the respiratory system
Our respiratory systems consists on: The AIRWAYS: The air passes through this
tube or pipe. They are:◦ Nasal cavity◦ Pharynx (shared with digestive system)◦ Larynx◦ Trachea◦ Bronchi◦ Bronchioles
The LUNGS: Organs that contain bronchi, bronchioles, pulmonary alveoles and capillaries.
Parts of the respiratory system.
Nasal cavity: In here air is◦ Filtered by cilia and mucus. The nasal cavity is
covered with a respiratory mucosa lined with a ciliated columnar epithelium.
◦ Warmed by capillaries in that tissue.◦ Moistened.Is in this part of our body where sense of smell
resides. Pharynx: Tract shared with digestive
system. Communicates nasal and oral cavity.
Transport and modification of air.
Larynx. Separated from the oesophagus by the epiglottis. In here we find the vocal cords.
Transport and modification of air.
Transport and modification of air.
Trachea. Tube surrounded by rings of cartilage that keep it open. It is also covered by mucus, that traps foreign particles, and force them out.
Transport and modification of air.
Inspiration and expiration.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWJHSTAWTCk
Lungs model. Pulmonary ventilation.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAR9Ne57Cl4
Mechanics of breathing.
Lungs are formed by lobes. The right one is formed by 3 lobes, and the left one by two. As we have our heart is pointed slightly to the left in our chest, the left lung is smaller that the right one.
Inside the lungs.
Lungs are surrounded by pleurae, two membranes separated by a fluid.
Once the air enter the lungs, it passes through the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli, whre GAS EXCHANGE takes place.
This gas exchange is produced through a DIFFUSION process.
Inside the lungs.
Diffusion
What is diffusion through the membrane?
Diffusion is a form of transportation of certain substances through the cell membrane.
Inside Outside
Cell membrane
HIGHERconcentration
LOWERconcentration
Inside Outside
Cell membrane
HIGHERconcentration
LOWERconcentration
Diffusion through the membraneDiffusion is the process where substances pass from one side of a membrane where the concentration is higher to the other side where the concentration is lower.
If the concentration of a substance is higher on the outside, the substance enters.
If the concentration of the substance is higher on the inside, the substance leaves.
After inhalation, the concentration of O2 in the alveoli is higher than in the capillaries. The O2 therefore passes by diffusion from the alveoli into the blood.
Inside the alveolus
Membrane of the alveolus
Diffusion of O2 during gaseous exchange
Blood
O2
HIGHER concentration of O2
LOWER concentration of O2
Oxygen (O2) is transported by diffusion from the alveoli into the blood.
* Blood does not only transport oxygen, but also carbon dioxide. So…
The blood that goes to the lungs has a higher concentration of CO2 than that outside the alveoli. Therefore, the CO2 passes into the alveolus.
Diffusion of CO2 during gaseous exchange
CO2
Membrane of the alveolus
LOWER concentration of CO2
HIGHER concentration of CO2
Inside the alveolus Blood
The carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported by diffusion from the blood to the inside of the alveoli.
Diffusion inside the lungs.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-f3RL0KiUg
I HOPE YOU ENJOYED!!!
Sources:Anaya digital.Biology and Geology Oxford CLIL ESO 3Video links on youtubeJust for educational purpose.
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