Respiratory system

The respiratory system

Nutrition function II

We have just studied the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Its function is to get nutrients from food.

To transform NUTRIENTS INTO ENERGY, in the mitochondria, our cells NEED OXYGEN.

These molecules are essential for cellular respiration: the process through we obtain energy.

Obtaining energy.

In respiration, oxygen is consumed to release energy (ATP) from nutrients, and carbon dioxide is produced.

The respiratory system is also in charge of expelling that carbon dioxide that we don’t need.

Expeling waste substances.

Parts of the respiratory system

The respiratory system.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A

Parts of the respiratory system

Our respiratory systems consists on: The AIRWAYS: The air passes through this

tube or pipe. They are:◦ Nasal cavity◦ Pharynx (shared with digestive system)◦ Larynx◦ Trachea◦ Bronchi◦ Bronchioles

The LUNGS: Organs that contain bronchi, bronchioles, pulmonary alveoles and capillaries.

Parts of the respiratory system.

Nasal cavity: In here air is◦ Filtered by cilia and mucus. The nasal cavity is

covered with a respiratory mucosa lined with a ciliated columnar epithelium.

◦ Warmed by capillaries in that tissue.◦ Moistened.Is in this part of our body where sense of smell

resides. Pharynx: Tract shared with digestive

system. Communicates nasal and oral cavity.

Transport and modification of air.

Larynx. Separated from the oesophagus by the epiglottis. In here we find the vocal cords.

Transport and modification of air.

Transport and modification of air.

Trachea. Tube surrounded by rings of cartilage that keep it open. It is also covered by mucus, that traps foreign particles, and force them out.

Transport and modification of air.

Inspiration and expiration.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWJHSTAWTCk

Lungs model. Pulmonary ventilation.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAR9Ne57Cl4

Mechanics of breathing.

Lungs are formed by lobes. The right one is formed by 3 lobes, and the left one by two. As we have our heart is pointed slightly to the left in our chest, the left lung is smaller that the right one.

Inside the lungs.

Lungs are surrounded by pleurae, two membranes separated by a fluid.

Once the air enter the lungs, it passes through the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli, whre GAS EXCHANGE takes place.

This gas exchange is produced through a DIFFUSION process.

Inside the lungs.

Diffusion

What is diffusion through the membrane?

Diffusion is a form of transportation of certain substances through the cell membrane.

Inside Outside

Cell membrane

HIGHERconcentration

LOWERconcentration

Inside Outside

Cell membrane

HIGHERconcentration

LOWERconcentration

Diffusion through the membraneDiffusion is the process where substances pass from one side of a membrane where the concentration is higher to the other side where the concentration is lower.

If the concentration of a substance is higher on the outside, the substance enters.

If the concentration of the substance is higher on the inside, the substance leaves.

After inhalation, the concentration of O2 in the alveoli is higher than in the capillaries. The O2 therefore passes by diffusion from the alveoli into the blood.

Inside the alveolus

Membrane of the alveolus

Diffusion of O2 during gaseous exchange

Blood

O2

HIGHER concentration of O2

LOWER concentration of O2

Oxygen (O2) is transported by diffusion from the alveoli into the blood.

* Blood does not only transport oxygen, but also carbon dioxide. So…

The blood that goes to the lungs has a higher concentration of CO2 than that outside the alveoli. Therefore, the CO2 passes into the alveolus.

Diffusion of CO2 during gaseous exchange

CO2

Membrane of the alveolus

LOWER concentration of CO2

HIGHER concentration of CO2

Inside the alveolus Blood

The carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported by diffusion from the blood to the inside of the alveoli.

Diffusion inside the lungs.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-f3RL0KiUg

I HOPE YOU ENJOYED!!!

Sources:Anaya digital.Biology and Geology Oxford CLIL ESO 3Video links on youtubeJust for educational purpose.