Transcript
Economy First: Regional Clusters Crossing Borders
ESPON WorkshopLuxembourg, 5 November 2009
Göran LindqvistCSC, Stockholm School of Economics
AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A
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Cluster Mapping
Cluster Library
Regional Framework Conditions
Collaboration Platform
www.clusterobservatory.eu
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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A
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Co-location of industries
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Local (not clustered)
Cluster category 1
Cluster category 2
The ”cluster sector” represents about 1/3 of all employment
About 65% of employment
About 35%of employment
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About 500 industries,38 cluster categories
About 250 NUTS-2 regions
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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A
Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 20099
Cluster mapping projects
v. 1.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
US SWE ECO v. 1.0EU-10
Porter:
• US cluster codes• Mapping of the US
Lindqvist, Malmberg & Sölvell:• Translation of US
codes to EU codes• Mapping of Sweden,
first application in Europe
Ketels, Sölvell, Lindqvist :
• Mapping of EU-10• Star measurement
system developed
Sölvell, Ketels, Lindqvist & Protsiv :• Mapping of EU-27+4• Launch of the
European Cluster Observatory
Lindqvist, Protsiv , Sölvell & Ketels :• Revision of cluster
codes based on European data
• Introduction of prioritised sectors (e.g. creative industries)
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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A
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Regional totals vs. geo-coded data
Ind. A: 260Ind. B: 310Ind. C: 100Ind. D: 190Ind. E: 240 Ind. A: 130
Ind. B: 110Ind. C: 90Ind. D: 0Ind. E: 0
Ind. A: 140Ind. B: 130Ind. C: 0Ind. D: 110Ind. E: 230
Ind. A: 120Ind. B: 250Ind. C: 80Ind. D: 0Ind. E: 0
Disproportionalitymeasures:
Gini, Krugman, Theil, etc.
Agglomerationmeasures:Ripley’s K,
“Lindqvist’s Q”
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Agglomeration and co-location
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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A
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Rural Urban
rural, dispersed
rural, concentrated
urban, dispersed
urban, concentrated
Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”
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Concentration:the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of
the same industrymore than with firms in general
Urbanisation:the tendency of firms to
co-locate with firms of any industry
more than firms in general do
Clusters
Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”
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Rural categoriesAerospace MaritimeAgricultural products Metal manufacturing
Apparel Paper products
Automotive Pharmaceuticals
Building fixtures, equip. and serv. Plastics
Chemical products Power gen. and transmissionConstruction materials Production technology
Construction Processed food
Entertainment* Sporting, recr. and childr. goods
Farming and animal husbandry Stone quarries
Footwear TextilesFurniture Tobacco
Heavy machinery Transportation and logistics
Leather products Tourism and hospitality
Lighting and electrical equipment
Urban categoriesAnalytical instrumentsBusiness services
Biotech
Distribution
Education and knowl. creation
Financial servicesIT
Jewellery and precious metals
Medical devices
Oil and gas
Publishing and mediaTelecom
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Agglomeration depends on the range
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The urban-rural shift
0.5
1.
2.
4.
8.
16.
32.
0.016 0.031 0.063 0.125 0.25 0.5 1. 2. 4.
concen
trati
on
urbanisation
swine farmersegg farmers meat wholesalers
agricultural wholesalers
security brokers
non-life insurance
1 km
5 km
25 km
125 km
1 km
1 km
1 km
1 km
Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”
Rural Urban
Dispersed
Concentrated
AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A
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A flexible online cluster mapping tool
User-defined regions
Combine NUTS-2
User-definedsectors
Combine NACE-4
Specialregions
Baltic, Mediterranean, Danube
Specialsectors
Creative industries, eco, etc.
Defaultregions
mostly NUTS-2
Defaultsectors
about 40 categories = allconcentrated industries
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AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A
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Contact
Göran Lindqvist, PhDCenter for Strategy and CompetitivenessStocholm School of Economicswww.sse.edu/cscgoran.lindqvist@hhs.se+46 8 7369524
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