Regional Clusters Crossing Borders

Economy First: Regional Clusters Crossing Borders

ESPON WorkshopLuxembourg, 5 November 2009

Göran LindqvistCSC, Stockholm School of Economics

AgendaThe European Cluster ObservatoryClusters – spatial and functional dimensionsCluster mappingMeasuring spatial industry agglomerationUrban vs. rural agglomerationFuture approachesQ&A

Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 20092

IVORY TOWER


http://www.zenit.de/d/index.php

Cluster Mapping

Cluster Library

Regional Framework Conditions

Collaboration Platform

www.clusterobservatory.eu




Co-location of industries


Local (not clustered)

Cluster category 1

Cluster category 2

The ”cluster sector” represents about 1/3 of all employment

About 65% of employment

About 35%of employment


About 500 industries,38 cluster categories

About 250 NUTS-2 regions




Cluster mapping projects

v. 1.2

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

US SWE ECO v. 1.0EU-10

Porter:

• US cluster codes• Mapping of the US

Lindqvist, Malmberg & Sölvell:• Translation of US

codes to EU codes• Mapping of Sweden,

first application in Europe

Ketels, Sölvell, Lindqvist :

• Mapping of EU-10• Star measurement

system developed

Sölvell, Ketels, Lindqvist & Protsiv :• Mapping of EU-27+4• Launch of the

European Cluster Observatory

Lindqvist, Protsiv , Sölvell & Ketels :• Revision of cluster

codes based on European data

• Introduction of prioritised sectors (e.g. creative industries)






Regional totals vs. geo-coded data

Ind. A: 260Ind. B: 310Ind. C: 100Ind. D: 190Ind. E: 240 Ind. A: 130

Ind. B: 110Ind. C: 90Ind. D: 0Ind. E: 0

Ind. A: 140Ind. B: 130Ind. C: 0Ind. D: 110Ind. E: 230

Ind. A: 120Ind. B: 250Ind. C: 80Ind. D: 0Ind. E: 0

Disproportionalitymeasures:

Gini, Krugman, Theil, etc.

Agglomerationmeasures:Ripley’s K,

“Lindqvist’s Q”


Agglomeration and co-location




Rural Urban

rural, dispersed

rural, concentrated

urban, dispersed

urban, concentrated

Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”


Concentration:the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of

the same industrymore than with firms in general

Urbanisation:the tendency of firms to

co-locate with firms of any industry

more than firms in general do

Clusters



Rural categoriesAerospace MaritimeAgricultural products Metal manufacturing

Apparel Paper products

Automotive Pharmaceuticals

Building fixtures, equip. and serv. Plastics

Chemical products Power gen. and transmissionConstruction materials Production technology

Construction Processed food

Entertainment* Sporting, recr. and childr. goods

Farming and animal husbandry Stone quarries

Footwear TextilesFurniture Tobacco

Heavy machinery Transportation and logistics

Leather products Tourism and hospitality

Lighting and electrical equipment

Urban categoriesAnalytical instrumentsBusiness services

Biotech

Distribution

Education and knowl. creation

Financial servicesIT

Jewellery and precious metals

Medical devices

Oil and gas

Publishing and mediaTelecom


Agglomeration depends on the range


The urban-rural shift

0.5

1.

2.

4.

8.

16.

32.

0.016 0.031 0.063 0.125 0.25 0.5 1. 2. 4.

concen

trati

on

urbanisation

swine farmersegg farmers meat wholesalers

agricultural wholesalers

security brokers

non-life insurance

1 km

5 km

25 km

125 km

1 km

1 km

1 km

1 km


Rural Urban

Dispersed

Concentrated



A flexible online cluster mapping tool

User-defined regions

Combine NUTS-2

User-definedsectors

Combine NACE-4

Specialregions

Baltic, Mediterranean, Danube

Specialsectors

Creative industries, eco, etc.

Defaultregions

mostly NUTS-2

Defaultsectors

about 40 categories = allconcentrated industries




? !Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 200925

Contact

Göran Lindqvist, PhDCenter for Strategy and CompetitivenessStocholm School of Economicswww.sse.edu/[email protected]+46 8 7369524
