Recognizing Invasive Species in Western New York - … for MS4.pdf · Recognizing Invasive Species in Western New York ... Repeat cutting to exhaust root stock ... Hydrilla verticillata
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Characteristics of Invasive Species
• Reproduce abundantly and (plants) by many means.
• Spread by wind, water, and/or animals, people and machinery.
• Relatively immune to diseases, and predation in new area.
• Tolerate wide range of habitat conditions.
• May hybridize with native counterparts and their genes dominate.• Alter soil and/or water chemistry: alter habitat.
Controls for Canada Thistle
● Seeds viable for 20 years, roots regenerate
● Repeat cutting to exhaust root stock
● Systemic herbicide
– Glyphosate
● DO NOT COMPOST
Giant HogweedGrows up to 14' high.Flower heads may be 2 ½ ' diameter.
Can produce 20,000 seeds from a single flower head.
Sap can cause severe burns, permanent scarring and blindness in the presence of sunlight and moisture.
Federally listed as a noxious weed.
If you find this weed, call the DEC hotline: (845) 256-3111
Avoid exposure.
Serious, long lasting burns result from sap exposure.
Call DEC for assistance if you find this plant present.
Japanese Knotweed
● Ecological threat toriparian areas & road ditches
● Spreads quickly. Forms dense thickets.Excludes native vegetation.Alters natural ecosystems.
● Rapidly colonizes disturbed channel slopes, gravel bars and islands.Survives severe flood events/ice scour.Populations are extremely persistent.Roots can penetrate >10’.Seeds are viable for many years.Exposes soil to (dormant season) erosion.
Winter season knotweed pictured .
•Mowing or weed whacking will spread the plant.
• Roots can go 16 feet deep: may not be possible to remove by digging.
• Do not attempt to compost.
• Glyphosate applied to the foliage is effective but follow up treatments will be needed over one to two years
• Natural herbicides (e.g.horticultural vinegar) will not work on knotweed as it only burns the foliage. To effectively kill knotweed a systemic herbicide is needed to target the roots.
Black Swallow Wort
● Outcompetes native plants, replaces plants with habitat value.
● Harms bird and butterfly populations.
Black Swallow Wort
● Systemic herbicide applied to cut stems is most effective chemical control.
● Mow to prevent seed pod production.
● Dig up roots before seed pod production.
Seed pods
Mile-A-Minute Vine
● Grows up to 6” daily.● Smothers other plants,
interferes with forest regeneration.
● Causes habitat disturbances.
Mile-A-Minute Vine Controls
● Mow in May-June before plants set seeds.
● Pull by hand before plants mature: stem barbs hardenas plants age.
● Plants can be composted if no seeds are present.
● Even small green seeds will germinate. Do not compost if seeds are present.
Tree Of Heaven● Fast growing,
prolific seeding.● Creates dense
thickets.● Extensive root
systems buckle sidewalks and foundations.
● Root chemicals poison other plants.
Wood is weak, coarse grained.
Controls
● Pull seedlings.● Systemic
herbicides effective if used when trees are in full leaf.
● Cutting is ineffective unless repeated until root stock is exhausted.
Emerald Ash BorerAdult is about ½ inch long
Attacks only ash trees.
Makes S-shaped tunnels beneath bark.
Leaves a “D” shaped exit hole in the spring.
Heavy woodpecker damage may indicate presence of larvae.
Look for vertical splits in bark.
Tree may sprout suckers.
Causes crown die- back in 3-5 years.
Call DEC at 1 (866) 640-0652
Signs of Emerald Ash
Borer presence
suckers
Crown die-back
Vertical split in bark
Asian Longhorned Beetle
Adult Asian longhorned beetles are most active during the summer and early fall and can be seen on trees, branches, walls, outdoor furniture, cars, and sidewalks and caught in pool filters.
Asian Longhorned Beetles attack hardwood trees.
• Purchase firewood where you will burn it. · Report beetle signs. · Allow officials access to your property to perform
surveys. · Diversify the tree species
that you plant.
Beetles prefer to attack birches, Ohio buckeye, elms, willows and maple species including box elder, Norway, red, silver and sugar maples.
Purple Loosestrife Invasive Phragmites
Garlic Mustard Eurasian Honeysuckle
Buckthorn Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Oriental Bittersweet
Hemlock Wooly Adelgid(white material on branches covers eggs)
Aquatic Invasive Species:Most Important Controls
● Inspect and clean boats and trailers before and after visiting any water body.
● Drain any water from bilge, tanks, etc.● Empty bait buckets on shore.
Hydrilla verticillata
● Dense mats shade native aquatic plants, impair recreation, fishing, alter water chemistry.
Reproduces
primarily from tubers, plant fragments, and turions.
Hydrilla can grow:• In almost any freshwater: springs, lakes, marshes,
ditches, rivers, tidal zones. • In a few inches of water, to water more than
20 feet deep. • In low nutrient or high nutrient conditions,• In 7% salinity of seawater (Haller 1974).• In only 1% of full sunlight. • Low light compensation and saturation points and low
CO2 compensation point make it a competitive plant because it can start growing in low light before other plants do (Van et al. 1976; Bowes 1977).
• Hydrilla is somewhat winter-hardy; its optimum growth temperature, 68-81o F; its maximum temperature, 86o F (Kasselmann 1995).
• U.S. southern populations overwinter as perennials; northern populations overwinter and regrow from tubers.
•
Hydrilla
Water Chestnut
Forms dense mats, blocking sunlight for other plants, creates oxygen deficiencies.
Seeds become hardened, spines are painful to step on.
Seeds may remain viable for up to 12 years.
Other Aquatics
These damaging invasive species
arrived because of human activities.
Rusty CrayfishRound Goby
Spiny water flea
Northern Snakehead Fish
Brazilian Elodea Eurasian Water Milfoil
Brittle Naiad Fan wort
Curly Leaf Pond Weed Asian Clam
European Frogbit
Photographs: University of Connecticut
Didymo(invasive algae)
Ontario-Wayne Stormwater Coalition
Town of VictorTown of Farmington
Town of MacedonTown of Ontario
Town of Walworth Village of Victor
Village of Macedon
Wayne County Highway Department
Ontario County Highway Department
Ontario County Soil and Water Conservation District
Wayne County Soil and Water Conservation District
For more Information contact:
P J Emerick480 North Main Street
Canandaigua NY 14424585-396-1450
ontswcd1@rochester.rr.com
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